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THE REFUSE COI
Page 92
Page 93
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_sECTOR of TO-MORROW Body Designs That Make for
Rapid and Dustless Loading and Easy Discharge. What the
Future is Likely to Bring Forth THERE are probably more distinct types of refuse wagon than any other kind of commercial vehicle which is designed for a special load. The refuse wagon may be loaded from the side, front or back, the body may be square, "Noah's ark," or circular in section, also it may be an end or side-tipper, or the load is discharged by means of a moving floor. Sometimes the body is removable either as a whole or in separate containers.
Each type is designed with the . same objects in view,namely, quick collection, dustless loading and easy discharge.
Time is saved in collection if the bins be near the van when it calls. Delay, however, may not be due to lack of co-operation by the householder, but rather to the layout of the premises concerned. The quickest way of removing refuse is to collect its container as well. This method obviates not only the necessity of emptying the contents into a specially designed van, but also the journey to return the empty bin.
a26 With regard to rapid loading, it would be difficult to improve on the low-level pattern which is filled from each side. A side-loading wagon may, however, not be quickly filled if the load be trimmed or consolidated indifferently.
The refuse, whatever may be the locality concerned, is usually of a most heterogeneous kind, so that to allow for rapid filling it would appear that the van should have a comparatively large internal capacity.
It is not desirable unduly to in crease the width or length of the van, otherwise the manceuvring of the vehicle in narrow thoroughfares is restricted. Therefore, ample height is an important feature. It should be borne in mind that it is difficult fully to utilize a box-type body if it be filled from the side, because the loader has no special facilities for piling the load to the centre.
In order to ensure that more refuse reaches the centre of the van, the plan might be tried of hinging the floor. There is the usual fixed floor, above which is a second set of floorboards hinged at the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. During the earlier part of the loading, this upper floor is raised so as to form a vee-shaped trough, with its sides terminating at the loading edges. When this trough is filed the sides are lowered so that they lie flat on the fixed floor.
Levelling the Load.
The sides of the trough must be equal to the distance from the centre of the floor to the loading edge and the inside of the body must follow the line of the arc described by the hinged side of the trough. If the sides of the body be upright, an additional flap is attached at the loading edge to meet the edge of the trough.
Another means for making full use of the capacity of the van is a mov
able partition. This device is already adopted for the end-loading, • box-type body. The partition is moved forward, the loader steps into the van and shoots the contents of the bin in front of the partition. In this position, the loader has full access to the full width of the vehicle. Having filled the first section of the van, the partition is moved farther to the rear.
The partition may be mounted on runners, or attached to a moving floor. A bulkhead controlled by hand or power gearing may be utilized to compress the load periodically, which method should be more effective and speedier than tipping the body forward.
An end-loading, movable-partition, boxvan ensures dustless operation from the viewpoint of the passer-by, but it requires an efficient ventilating scheme which draws a current of air towards the front if the interior of the van is not to be dust-laden. Nevertheless, end-loading has the advantage that the van may be filled in a narrow thoroughfare where sideloading would be impossible.
'Advantages of Side Loading.
With side loading, the dustman does not have to work in a confined space; therefore, it is suggested that the moving partition be used in conjunction with this type of vehicle. With a van having three openings on each side, the partition is moved to the end of the second opening and the van loaded through only the first and second apertures.
The bulkhead is then moved to the tnd of the first opening, so as to compress the load, after which the shutters, or other covers, are closed. Loading is completed through the second and third apertures.
This method of compression may be varied by placing the. partition at the back and using all the openings before compression, or employing the partition to compress the load both to the front and to the rear. For rear
compression there must be a pair of back doors.
If the moving partition be required with an end-tipping body, the bulkhead is mounted on a base of sufficient area to give it stability, also on pillars, so that when it is at tit% back it may be swung from the top.
A partition, even -when it is not adjustable, ensures a better arrangement of the load. For this reason, some wagons have means for erecting temporary panels which may be dismantled before the body is tipped. Partitions may be fixed in the case of a side-tipping body.
Already a large proportion of refuse wagons is of metal, and it is considered that few of other material, even of composite construction, will be built in the future. Metal is more hygienic and rust may be combated either by a preliminary treatment, or by the use of a special alloy. Moreover, rounded corners are advisable in order to ensure effective discharge and easy ,cleaning: These corners are simpler to construct all in metal than on a wood foundation.'
If a side-loading body be favoured, with or without means for compressing or trimming the load, it is possible that attempts will be made to reduce the loading height another few inches. This may be done by using a front-drive chassis.
As a rule, the height of the floor is determined by the diameter of the rear wheels, because a wheel-arch is usually considered unadvisable in a tipping body. The wheel-arch may, however, be built up on the inside, so that it offers little obstruction to the movement of the load.