Sulphur playing a small part
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• It will cost oil companies between 01 and 1.05 pence per litre to reduce the sulphur content of diesel fuel to 0.5% as demanded by the European Community for October 1996," according to Shell fuel technologist Kenneth Rivers, speaking to the IMechE seminar on engine emissions last week.
These figures, which are gen erally accepted by the major oil companies, are based on the experience of Shell and others who are producing low-sulphur fuel in Sweden.
Rivers reports that such a reduction in sulphur content will only make a small contribution to the reduction of exhaust particulate levels from the 1993 Euro-1 limit of 36g/kWh (for engines
over 85kW) to the 0.15g/kWh which will be demanded under the Euro-2 limit in three years time. For an engine which only just complies with Euro-1, low sulphur fuel alone can only be expected to reduce particulate levels to 0.317-(1335g/kWh: "substantial" changes will be needed to meet the Em-o-2 particulate standards.