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THE HYGIENIC COLLECTION OF HOUSE REFUSE.
Page 129
Page 130
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How Mechanism can Help to Secure Dustless Bin-emptying and Efficient Loading.
IN dealing with the very important question of hygiene in connection with the collection of house refuse we do not wish t) concern ourselves with the actual method of collection, as that is', a matter for borougt. engineers to decide. We are;' however, interested in any power-driven raechanisni that _may help in the tidy and hygienic collection of such refuse, as we feel that it is within our province to deal with .such matters.
In our issue of May 14th, 1027, we published a picture of •w.hat is a common sight, even in London, whe're an expensive electric vehicle is employed DA* houserefuse collecting, but for Which a Most unsititable type of body has been selected. So unsifitable is it that the men engaged in the collection of refuse have improvised higher sides, as the load grows greater, by wedging old tea-trays, pieces of corrugated iron and cardboard in between the load and the sides so that a reasonably heavy load can be carried, We make no apology for again illustrating the practice; as we feel it is one that should not be necessary.
Our illustration is not exaggerated, as these untidy and unhygienic vans may be seen daily in the north of London still doing their work.
It is true that when the load has been completed a canvas cOvi.r is placed over the untidy mass, but all the time that the load is above the level of the very low sides dust and rubbish is being blown and dropped about.
In many boroughs vehicles of a more hygienic character are used, but we are sorry to see so little attention being paid to the matter in this country when we compare our efforts with those of other countries, and especially Germany.
As we have already said, the actual method of collection is not our business, and borough engineers must decide as to whether special bins which fit into openings on the van for tipping their contents shall be used, or whether the bins themselves should be collected and empty ones left in their places. Our concern is essentially with mechanisms which help in the trimming of the load so that a permanently covered body with the minimum of opening, situated at a low level for receiving the contents of the bins which can be tipped in without employing a ladder, can be used. Hence, it is with this object in view that we have selected for consideration some of the efforts that have recently been made in this direction. We have gone farther than this and requested a competent designer to suggest a simple means by which the load thrown in at a low level can be mechanically trimmed so that the body is eventually completely and evenly loaded, the operation being carried out by means of the ordinary tipping gear with which all such vehicles are equipped, with the addition of a very few attachments.
Before describing this, however, we will give a brief description of some appliances which have recently made their appearance in Germany. We do not, however, propose to show any devices which render the use of a special bin necessary, as we learn that such schemes do not fit in well with the conditions usually prevailing in this country.
A body of the type with which we are concerned is that made by Fried. Krupp, of Essen, Germany, in which an elevator screw is used to raise the refuse so that it falls near the centre of the body and can then distribute itself fairly -evenly over the floor. The usual tipping arrangement is shown in dotted lines, The device is an expensive one, entailing a drive from the gearbox and many bevel gears.
A simpler arrangement is that which forms the subject of a patent recently granted to Daimler-Benz, in which a cylindrical body is mounted on rollers and is
provided with racks surrounding it so that it can be revolved on its own axis. Helical vanes are fixed to the interior of the shell and on a central non-revolving shaft. ,A .hopper at the rear receives the refuse, which is carried along by means of the screw vanes towards the front of the body. A reversal of the direction of . rotation is said to effect the emptying. In another German design a cylindrical body is mounted on rollers and equipped with racks and pinions to revolve it. In this case a slot extending the whole length of the body is provided so that it can be brought to a convenient level for loading. When a
certain amount Of refuse has been thrown in, the body is partially revolved and then brought back to its original position. By this means the refuse is thrown to the side of the shell which is oppoSite to the slot, so that more refuse can be tipped in. This operation is repeated as often as is found necessary, according to the nature of the load, until the body is entirely filled. Sliding doors can be used to cover the slot, We presume that tipping is employed for emptying the material thus collected.
The body, which has been schemed out at our request, possesses the advantage of being extremely simple and inexpensive, as it entails very little more than the usual tipping gear with which practically. all such vehicles are provided. The object of the design is to permit the load to be thrown in at the rear of the body at a convenient level, and when no more refuse can be
accommodated the body is able to be tipped by means of the •nsual elevating
• mechanism, but, instead or the fulcrum being at the rear, that fulcrum is released and the arrangement shown at the front end of the body takes its place. By this means the load is thrown to the front of the body, so making room for more to be Upped in at the rear again. This operation can he repeated again and again as many times as is necessary .until a full load has been obtained.
' The front fulcrum can be disengaged and the rear one brought into use when tipping for emptying is needed. A. door at the rear can be employed so that only the necessary space for discharging the bins is exposed. To demonstrate the practicability of this design a model has been made, and this is available. for inspection at our London office.