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Cross-section of a tyre
Page 53
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The exterior of the tyre in contact will' the road, the tread strip, is made from a rubber cortipound. Its function Is to provide high resistance to wear, as well as good grip in all road conditions. Sometimes, the :read stri .combines two materials-a base to keep the tread iemperature down, and a cap to minimise rolling resistan The multi-ply steel belt consists of cords embedded within the rubber compound. Its purposes to aid driving stability, restrict casing growth and increase the structural strength. Below it is a steel casing, also made from cord, which is designed to give the tyre its deflection characteristics.
A pneumatic tyre would be nothing without air, and keeping it where it should be is the inner linind which is also made from a rubber compound to prevent the diffusion of air and moisture. Lateral scuffing protection comes from the rubber-compound sidewall, which also protects from thc effectsof weather. Then there's the part that keeps the tyre firmly planted to the wheel. The steel wire, surrounded by nylon and aramid a heat-resistant synthetic fibre is embedded within the rubber and referred to as the bead core.
Atypical 62kg tyre in this case, a Continental 315/80 R22.5 HSLcomprises: 18.8Kg of natural rubber; 3.4kcJ of synthetic rubber: 1,23kg of halogen butyl rubber; and 17.3kg of chemicals, such as vulcanising agents and preservative. The remaining weight is made up from the structural components: 8.5kg of electro-plated steel wire: 12.2kg of electro-plated stranded steel wire; and 0.12kg of nylon fabric. Quantities vary between manufacturers and products. depending on their application.
These components are manufactured separately. The inner lining, bead cores, steel Gi.-i-31r-;g and sidewalls are assembled before the tread layer is applied. This assembly is called the moulded blank. In the vulcanisation press, heat, pressure and time give the tyre its final shape.