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Hygienic and Rapid STREET CLEANSING
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'VIEW other factors have played so great a part in the 12 improvement in public health in recent years as have mechanical means for street cleansing. Disease germs multiply rapidly in areas where collected detritus gives them a pied-a-terre, therefore it is essential that rubbish and sludge be removed quickly and efficiently.
Sweeping may be performed so that the rubbish is left in the gutter ready for collection or it may be gathered up by the same machine and carried away ; sprinkling can be accomplished at the same time. An advantage of the notor sweeper is that, owing to its working speed of abont 6 m.p.h., it causes the minimum of traffic congestion. When sprinkling or washing alone is required, a machine equipped with a tank of large capacity can be used, either to lay the dust or to wash the road surface.
From time to time roadside gullies require cleaning, involving the removal of solid and liquid matter and subsequent sealing with dean water. For this work a machine with two compartments —one for water and one for
sludge—is utilized. When a cesspool needs emptying, either a special machine or a convertible gully emptier can be employed. The former consists of a chassis carrying a single tank into which is-delivered the contents of the pool. When a convertible type of gully emptier is at work on a cesspool laoth tanks are filled with sludge.
What the Makers are Offering.
Discharge of the load can be effected by pumping or by gravity. The former method is essential when the load has to be deposited at a level above that which can be reached by the vehicle, or when the dumping point is inaccessible.
Treating first with single or multiple-purpose sweeping machines, the Karrier four-wheelers are made in various types, one of which cotnbines the functions of sprinkler. sweeper and rubbish collector, the body being tipped by
gravity. When separate collecting vehicles are employed, a Karrier for sprinkling and sweeping is available,. ytt another type serves as a street-washer and flusher. Lacre three-wheeled sweepers have achieved great popularity. The mobility of both large and small types is a marked feature ; the driver has a full view of the swept width. Sprinklers are fed from suitable tanks. Pneumatic tyres are a feature of the equipment of Lnfily four-wheeled sweepers, and the 26-ft. turning circle is valuable in restricted areas.
A large number of makers caters for municipal pqrcbasers n40
of machines for road sprinkling or washing and gully and cesspool emptying. Albion vehicles carry tanks of 450 gallons to 1,000 gallons capacity, tractor lorries also being offered for this work. When a pump is fitted to an Albion sprinkler wagon a 60-ft. spread of water is possible. A.E.C. machines of many types are in general municipal use to-day. The Atkinson-Walker steam vehicle can be equipped with a 1,350-gallon gully emptier, 350 gallons being clean water for resealing purposes. The ejector provides the necessary vacuum. Another make of steamer favoured for municipal duties is the Clayton fitted with any type of body..
A Commer street-washing ma chine can be used as an emergency fire-engine and for cleaning pavements in addition to its routine work. Gully emptiers, cesspool emptiers, combined
machines a n d watering wagons with interchangeable tipping bodies are a few of the
models in the Dennis. range. A point in the operation of the gully emptier of this make is that surplus water can be drained from the sludge tank, thus leaving only solid matter to be conveyed to the tin.
In addition to fulfilling its normal functions, the Fowler steamer can supply hot water for thawing frozen gullies, and will work as a snow plough. Removal of surplus water from the sludge tank is possible. A 750-gallon cesspit emptier on a F.W.D. chassis can fill its tank in five minutes when located 100 ft. from the pick-up point. Garner and Garrett machines cater for those who require petrol or steam chassis respectively for street cleansing. Guy gully emptiers have inclined and tapered tanks, with crane control for the suction hose.
To carry a 2,000-gallon tank a Halley-Eagle tractor-lorry can be employed, or a four-wheeled machine for 1,000 gallons : an intermediate type carries 1,200 gallons on an articulated chassis. In conjunction with Fowler tanks, ICarrier chassis can be utilized for gully emptying and street-washing. A spread of 25 ft. from each sprinkler head is provided, and quick discharge of the sludge is permitted through a door of 9 sq. ft. area.
Among the pion eers of municipal
vehicles is the Lacr e concern, which offers designs of cleansing machines f rom 400 gallons to 1,000 gallons capacity. Open and closed-circuit gully emptiers are marketed, also one machine which can work in either manner. A feature of nearly every Laffly model is that
pneumatic tyres are employed; single or multiple-purpose bodies are listed in the standard range: .
One, tractor of . the Latil range is a machine with fourwheel -drive and lockable differentials; this, with a superimposed trailer body, can transport large liquidloads; over bad terrain. Leyland chassis can be equipped with tanks for various street-cleansing operations, the capacities varyirkt from 860 gallons to 1,200 gallons or more. In the case of a sprinkler and flusher a 76-ft. spread can be used, tinpump also being able to fill the tank.
Large and Small-capacity Machines.
One of the largest-capacity four-wheeled street-cleansing machines is the 2,000-gallon Maudslay, the chassis of which is a 7-tonner. Merryweather vacuum gully and cesspoolemptiers are available in capacities from 500 gallons to 800 gallons. If desired, they may be mounted on track-laying chassis. Those who require smaller vehicles are catered ;or in the Morris-Commercial range. Two examples are the 200-gallon gully emptier and the 300-gallon sprinkler. Interchangeable bodies can be arranged. Pagefield chassis can be equipped with tanks of several types for street washing and drain.: age work.
In areas with many narrow streets the small turning circle of the S.D. Freighter is of great value. A popular steam vehicle to whi c h suitable cleansing appliances can be fitted is the Super Sentinel. Pressure or gravity can be employed for the water feed to the sprinklers.
Thornyeroft freight chassis may be equipped with appliances for washing, sprinkling and flushing, gully or cesspool emptying. A combined type for the two last-named duties can be obtained. A large-capacity sprinkler on a Tilling-Stevens chassis is illustrated in these pages; the chassis has a 14-ft. 6-in. wheelbase. A separate vacuum tank is utilized in the Yorkshire gully emptier; another feature is the arrangement for discharging surplus water from the sludge tank back into the gully.
Specialists in the manufacture of street-cleansing appliances for mounting upon petrol-engined or steam-engined eh is are the Eagle Engineering Co., Ltd., and Tuke and Bell, Ltd. These concerns and the Harrow Industrial Co., Ltd., make suitable trailers for the municipal duties Li question.
In cities and the larger towns the use of street-cleansing machines is a daily necessity, therefore it is an economical proposition to purchase a chassis carrying a body for this work exclusively. In the case of smaller towns and rural areas, the authorities often fear that, owing to the need being irregular, their employment will prove an expensive item. This is not so, as, with due circumspection before ordering, a range of interchangeable bodies can be specified which ' will ensure that the chassis is fully occupied—that is the first step towards economical work in any sphere Of activity.