Q What is the difference between supercharging and turbocharging?
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Strictly speaking there is no A difference. Supercharging is a method of increasing the volume of air supplied to the engine for combustion. In turn this increase in air allows a corresponding increase in the fuelling level to give higher engine outputs without an increase in smoke. The air is in effect pressure fed into the engine by some form of compressor instead of relying on the descending piston to draw air into the cylinder.
Turbocharging is merely one method of compressing the air. A turbine situated in the exhaust system is directly coupled to a rotary air compressor. The exhaust gases drive the turbine and hence feed the engine with air at a pressure above atmospheric.