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PETROL and OIL
Page 92
Page 93
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Proprietary
POWER UNITS
T0-DAY the oil engine. is ,,, firmly established that it is not uncommon for own ers of petrol-engined vehicles to convert their machines to the oil-engined type, mainly on account of the latter's greater economy, by installing in place of the original power unit one of the many proprietary compression-ignition engines that are now made.
The following brief review of the leading proprietary oil and petrol engines at the present time on the British market should prove of considerable value for conversion and other purposes.
The Barton four-cylindered compression-ignition engine has cast-iron wet cylinder liners, the block being secured to the aluminium crankcase by long bolts which also pass through the cylinder head. A five-bearing crankshaft is employed, and the connecting rods are circular in section, solid, and have four-bolt big-ends. Concave-topped aluminium-alloy pistons with four compression and one scraper rings are employed. The fuel pump and injectors are of C.A.V.-Bosch make, and three-hole sprayers, centrally mounted, feed the fuel into the combustion chamber at about 050 lb. per sq. in. pressure. With a compression ratio of 14.5 to 1, the output of the engine is 52 b.h.p. at 1,500 r.p.m.
Developing, at 2,000 r.p.m., 65 b.h.p. and 100 b.h.p. respectively, the Beardmore four and six-cylinderecl oil engines employ a simple direct-injection system, the fuel being injected by a pump of the concern's own design and manufacture.
A single iron casting forms the cylinder block and crankcase, the cylinder barrels being detachable, of the wet type, and made of centrifugally cast iron. The crankshaft of the six-cylindered engine is carried on eight bearings, and a noteworthy point in the design is that the drive to the camshaft and other auxiliaries is situated at the rear ; thus crankshaft torsion is not transmitted to them.
In order that the engine lubricating oil may not suffer dilution from fuel in the pump, this is lubricated by an entirely separate system, and another interesting point is that the governor control is interconnected with the injectiontiming device, thus lesseninv' the driver's responsibility.
The Blackstone concern has for many years been associated with compression-ignition engines. Its power units -c42 for road transport are supplied either with the Blackstone springinjection system, which obviates the use of a fuel pump, or with an injection system of the more orthodox pump type.
Three, four and six-cylinclered engines are produced, the bore and stroke in. each case being 4 ins. and 6 ins. At 1,500 r.p.m. the b.h.p. figures are 45, 60 and -90 respectively.
The wide experience gained by Brooke Marine Motors, Ltd., in -the manufacture of marine oil engines has recently been diverted to the production of a commercial vehicle engine. Employing the C.AV.-Bosch injection system, the four-eylindered, 47S.5-cubic-in. unit has put upa sat
communicating with the cylinder by a tangential passage, the surrounding metal being partially insulated.
A single casting forms the cylinder block and crankcase of the smallest engine, and dry nitrided cast-iron liners are used. The inlet valves are masked. A C.A.V.-Bosch fuel pump and pintle-type injectors are employed. The two larger engines—the predecessors of the smallest—have separate aluminium crankcases.
The dimensions of the three models are 4.216 litres, 6.842 litres and 8.140 litres respectively. The first develops 58 b.h.p. at 2,000 r.p.m., and the other two 76 b.h.p. and 90 b.h.p. at 1,800 r.p.m. The smallest weighs 896 lb., and the other two 1,460 lb.
Built with four, five, or six cylinders, Gardner oil engines are amongst the most popular of the present time. The tappets and cams of the fuel pump are made by the Gardner concern, whilst the plunger units are C.A.V.-Bosch. Fuel is delivered at 2,500 lb. per sq. in. pressure to Gardner injectors each of which is mounted vertically and concentrically with the cylinder. Decompressors are fitted to facilitate starting, the normal cempression ratio being 13 to 1.
At 1,700 r.p.m. the power of the latest or LW engines is respectively 68 b.h.p., 85 b.h.p., and 102 b.h.p., the capacities being 5.6 litres, 7 litres and 8.4 litres.
Two-stroke-cycle compression-ignition engines are now made by the well-known concern, Petters, Ltd. Three, four, and six-cylindered units are produced, and scavenging is afforded by separate pumps. The torque developed by these three engines is approximately 158 ft-lb., 211. ft.-lb., awl 316 ft.-lb. at 1,600 r.p.m. The three-cylindered unit weighs 1,300 lb., and its overall dimensions are 3 ft. 11 in. high, 2 ft. 24 ins, wide, and 3 ft. 91 ins. long.
The mortobloc cylinder casting is mounted on an aluminium erankcaSe and has separate steel cylinder heads, in which C.A.V.-Bosch injectors are carried. Injection pressure is 2,100 lb. per sq. in., and the compression ratio is 14 to 1.
The latest road-transport Tangye oil engine made under licence from the Oberhaenslie concern employs the Omo combustion chamber in both the four and six-cylindered models.
A spherical combustion chamber, to the side of the cylinder bore, is used. This communicates with the cylinder by a narrow passage, and receives the fuel from the vertical injector. A heater plug is used for starting. Of particular interest is the fact that the cylinder block and crankcase are a single aluminium casting with wet centrifugally cast liners, the nickel-iron heads being cast
in pairs. A full description of the new,Tangye oil engine appeared in our issue of September 2.
The range of Coventry Climax petrol 'engines includes a sik-cylinderecl unit of 140 b.h.p. (at 2,550 r.p.m.) ; another rated at 36 h.p.; • a fourcylindered engine with a bore and stroke of 89 inns. and 120 mm., and two smaller units.
In addition the concern recently introduced a four-cylindered engine of 241.7 cubic ins., which was fully described in our issue of June 28 last.
A notable feature is the employment of wet cylinder liners of centrifugally cast iron. The cylinder head is detachable, and the block is a single casting with the crankcase.
In addition to its compression-ignition engines, W. H. Dorman and Co., Ltd., continues to manufacture its -wellknown petrol and paraffin power units. The range includes 12 four-cylindered and three six-cylindered engines rated at from 10.5 h.p. to 53.6 h.p., and with various outputs up to 100 b.h.p. " In the main all follow the same lines, except that certain models have monobloc cylinder castings, whilst others are made in pairs or groups of three.
Characteristics of the Meadows engines are a monobloc cylinder casting, detachable head, aluminium crankcase and seven-hearing crankshaft. The largest model has six cylinders with a bore and stroke of 110 mm. artd 140 mm., and a sump with an oil capacity of five gallons. The 5.528litre model is also a "six," the dimensions being 95 mm.
and 130 ; it develops 77 b.h.p. at 2,000 r.p.m. The 25-35 h.p. six-cylindered engine generates 64 b.h.p. at 3,000 r.p.m.; its cylinder dimensions are 82.5 mm. by 120.7 mm. With four cylinders of 90 ram. by 130 mm. the 20 h.p. engine develops 46 b.h.p. at 2,000 r.p.m.
The Buda Co., England, which handles the Buda petrol engine, markets a number of four-cylindered units up to 806 cubic ins, in capacity, and six-cylindered models of capacities from 241.6 cubic ins. to 1,230 cubic ins. Its range of power units includes the Buda models and the new Hivelo series.
Probably the two best-known proprietary engines employed for propelling three-wheeled delivery vans and industrial trucks are the air-cooled Villiers two-stroke-cycle units, which are made in sizes up to 350 c.c., and the J.A.P. single and V-twin-cylindered engines, mainly air-cooled, of capacities up to about 1 litre.
Barton Bros., Ltd., Beck Works, Brook Street, Nottingham_ William Beardmore and Co., Ltd., Parkhead, Glasgow, E.1. Blackstone and Co , Ltd., E•temford. Brooke Marine Motors. Ltd., ABrian Works.
Lowestoft. Buda Co., England, Harvey 'Works, Wembley, Middlesex.
Coventry Climax Engines, Ltd., Friars Road, Oaventry.
W. II Dorman and Co., Ltd., Stafford.
Henry Meadows, Ltd., Fallings Park, Wolverhampton.
Norris, Henty and Gardners, Ltd., Barton Hall Engine Works, Patti.
croft, Lancashire.
Petters, Ltd., Westland Works, Yoinil. J. A, Prestwich and Co.,
Ltd., Northumberland Park, London, N.17.
Tangyes, Ltd., Cornwall Works, Birmingham.
Villiers Bin. On., Ltd., Marston Road, WolverhamOon.