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Spot-welded Construction for New U.S. Army 4 x 4 Vehicle
Page 107
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WHAT is claimed to be the first
"completely engineered military vehicle" has been produced by the American Ford Motor Co. for the U.S. Army. It is known as the M151 and is a 4 x 4 of the Jeep type, with a nominal payload rating of ton. The design includes integral all-steel construction and coil-spring independent suspension of all wheels.
The Ford M151 is like the original Willys Jeep in appearance, and has been built to satisfy the U.S. Army Ordnance Department's concept of a "family of vehicles." Consideration has been given to the subsequent design of and 1-ton vehicles using as many M151 components as possible.
Spot-welding is used throughout the construction of the body and frame assembly, and this has been completely stressed to accommodate load faCtors of 5g. The complete assembly weighs 340 lb.
Coil springs and dual wishbones comprise the front suspension and the complete unit, including the final drive and exposed half-shafts, can be removed as art assembly. Swinging-arm suspension is employed at the rear with variablerate coil springs.
A four-cylindered overhead-valve water-cooled petrol engine powers the M151. This unit develops 71 b.h.p. at 4,000 r.p.m., with a maximum torque output of 130 lb./ft. at 2,000 r.p.m. Its cubic capacity is 2.32 litres. The powerweight ratio is 3.52 lb./b.h.p. and the total weight of the engine, cooling system, clutch, gearbox and transfer box is 556 lb., with coolant and lubricants.
Extensive use has been made of aluminium for engine components, and the total weight of the engine is said to be little more than that of a projected all-aluminium design.
The M151 can carry a driver and three passengers, or 800 lb. of goods across country•or 1,200 lb. on the road. When fully lOaded, a 2,000-1b. trailer can be towed on the road, this towing weight being reduced to 1,500 lb. for crosscountry applications.
Other requirements were that the vehicle should be able to ford hardbottom crossings in 20 in. of water, or operate submerged in 5 ft. of water with the aid of snorkels; climb a hard-surfaced 60° gradient fully loaded; give a maximum drawbar pull of 2,100 lb. with a 1,200-1b. payload; start without aid at —25°F. ambient temperature and at —56°F. with heater; and operate at I15°F. ambient temperature without auxiliary cooling.