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WHEELS OF INDUSTRY.

7th June 1921, Page 4
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Which of the following most accurately describes the problem?

"The wheel of wealth will be slowed by all ditficulNes Of transport at whatever points arising, as a carriage is by the roughness of the roads over which it runs."—John Beattie Crosier,

The Birthday Honours.

His Majesty tho King's list of Births day Honours includes the names of several men well known in the motor vehicle industry.

His Majesty.-has conferred a peerage on Sir Marcus Samuel, Bart., for eminent public and national services. The honour of knighthood has beers conferred on Mr. Samuel Instone, of S. Instone and Co., Ltd., well known in connection with civil aviation, and on Mr. Flra,neis Jubal Reynolds, J.P., director' of the Eagle, Star and British Dominions Insurance Co., Ltd. Among the recipients of an honour in the Irish list we notice the name of Mr. James Campbell Percy, DL., .LP., who is the proprietor of several well-known Irish motoring papers.

Dunlop Heavy Pneumatics.

In an article which appeared in our issue for 3lay 3rd under the title " New Tyres for Commercial Vehicles," we gave some interesting particulars of the, developments which have been made by the Dunlop Rubber Co., Ltd., in the construction of solid tyres. In that article, however, we were not able to deal with the new cord tyres which have been produced by this company..

The largest of these is 40 ins. by 8 ins., and is eminently suitable for motor coach And other work. .

To the uninformed, one cord -tyre would appear to be much the same as another ; hut, in fact, there are remarkable differences betweeu various cord casings. In the Dunlop casing„ the cord material employed consists of fine cords with practically no weft, the cords being held together by thin threads chiefly for convenience while solutioning. This makes/the material extremely elastic in one direction, and yet able to bear considerable stresses in the other. In the smaller tyres four layers of this material are utilized, and in the larger six, and one or two layers can be cut through without causing the tyre to fail: In the manufacturer of canvas-eased tyres, the canvas, having practically no elasticity, has to be stretched very tightly over the tread, and even then numerous puckers are left in each side of the strip and have to be Worked out by careful rollingThe result of this initial tensioning is that the tread of the Lyre loses its flexibility, and most of the work occurs at thesides. This is the reason why so many canvas-cased tyres wear out at these points. On the other hand, in the cord tyres the tensioning of the cord fabric is equal throughout the casing, and tlierefore the work is more evenly distributed.

The Dunlop Co. was one of the first to recognize the merits of the straightsided . tyre, and -plans were laid in 1914 for the production of such tyres, but were delayed owing fo the outbreak of war. Now, however, the company are making a speciality of this tyre. The straight-sided tyre presents many advantages. It carries within itself the inextensible edges which resist the radial pressure due to inflation of the air tube.

C4

The beaded-edge type,_ on the contrary, depends on the proper engagement of the thickened edges with the inturned lip of the rim.

For the -8 in. tyres, the eonapaiiy.inake special cat-steel and wire wheels. The former have two loose flanges rind a spring ring. The outer sliding flange is rounded on its outer face.so that it rides on the spring ring and tends to keep it

in position. The spring ring is, of course, employed in the wire type also.

U.S.A. Statistics.

Statistics published by the National Automobile Chamber ot Commerce of New York dealing with the. progress of the motor vehicle industry last vear"show that the U.S. possessed 9,211,"295vehicles in 1920—ono to every 11 inhabitants. In this country, according to the latest . return of the Ministry of Transport,

554,100 are in use. .

Of the United States total of 9,211,295, approximately 3,000,000 were on farms. It is in passenger cars that the United States figures make our Own look absolutely insignificant, for the number in use last year was 8,221,297. About 33 per cent, of these were owned by farmers, Texas and Iowa both having more farmer-owned passenger cars than the 202,000 registered in this country in the early part of -this year,' The disparity in the number of commercial vehicles is nut so great, though -ew York alone exceeded by 30,000 the 117,500 commercial goods vehicles regis

tered here. .. - The figures show that 83 per cent, of the world's motorcars and motor lorries are in the United States.

The United States more than doubled the export of motorcars and motor lorries last year, as compared with 1919, and the leading customer -kir both classes of vehicles was Great Britain.

Extraordinary Traffic Action.

The hearing of the evidence in connection with the extraordinary traffic action was resumed in the Chancery Division on Tuesday last, when Mr. Jitstice Eve heard arguments in the appeal from his own judgment affirmed by the Court of Appeal and given in favour of the Weston-super-Mare U.D.C. in an action against Henry Butt and Co., Ltd., quarry owners of Weston, for injury to roads alleged to have been caused by the defendants' steam wagons.,

The case having been taken to the House of Lords for final appeal, had been remitted by their Lordships to Mr. Justice Eve to try the following question of fact c—Was the traffic in controversy of such a nature as, having regard to the character and function of the roads in question and of all the circumstances of the case, reasonably to be anticipated upon those roads ?

Mr. NI rieMorran, K.O., for the Council said that the true construction of the question put to his Lordship was -this : "Should the Council have anticipated, not Mr. Butt's traffic or the fact of the character of his traffic but should they have anticipated traffic of that nature over the roads in question? "

Mr. Butt used steel-tyred lorries, the "traffic, in controversy," which, said counsel, -was the traffic alleged to have done the damage. It began in 1913, for soon after Mr. Butt put his first wagon and trailer on the road, complaints, began to be made of damage to( the roads. Thus the important point of Lime for consideration was the year 1913, and the question was. "Ought the Council in or before 1913 haw, anticipated and prepared -fox traffic of the class of Mr. Butt's? " !"

His Lordship said it was urged that, although the Council in 1913 might not have anticipated this traffic, it had become a reality by 1916. . . •

Counsel went on to say that it was said that this traffic ought to have been anticipated, because it was the traffic of .e recognized industry in the district,

Mr. Butt never gave notice that he was going to adopt mechanical traffic, and Council had no reason to know that he was going to do so.

Mr. Upjohn, K.C., for the defendant, said that appellant held that the Council were out of date altogether' in the way in which they made up their roads. They were only water-bound roads, whereas they Ought to be tar-bound, and, had they been so in 1916, the damage to the roads would not have. been done. By 1916 Mr. Butt had been using the road for some years with a steam wagon, and as his business was largely increasing, the Council -should have known that this traffic, instead of ceasing, would increase. The traffic in controversy was Mr. Butt's traffic, andhe (counsel) urged that -the answer to the question put by the House of Lords should be that the traffic was ofsuch a nature as, having regard to the character and functions of the roads: in question, was reasonably to be antici-paled at the material time, namely, the year 1915 and the early part of 1916.

His Lordship reserved. judgment.

South African Agriculture.

A factor in the development of the farming industry of Soiith Africa is the question of transport, states the Report of theLand and Agricultural Bank of South Africa for the year 1920. Taken as a whole, the railways serve the purpose of main arteries, but there should be feeders whereby farmers can be brought into easy contact with thwail

Way. The state of the country,-. both financially and geographically, does not in many instances justify the construction of new railways, but there is no reason why the making of good roads and the building of bridges over drifts frequently impassable in summer should

not receive more attention. It is not much use for the farmer to raise crops if his work is to be lost owing to lack of transport facilities.

Motor power is of great importance to the farmer, both in the transport of his prodeice and in the tilling of his soil. From the earliest times the South African farmer has relied almost entirely on the ox for all heavy tractive purposes. Where large stock thrive, and grass is available, the ox provides 'a cheap form of transport, but the farmer who breeds cattle does not usually do much cultivation, •so that motor traction does.not make a strong appeal to him. The agriculturist, however, is always faced with the difficulty of finishing his ploughing at the most opportune time; and if his produce is of a perishable nature, quick transport. to the railhead is of lire.esing importance. Mechanicaltraction should Rigs appeal to him, but he is .chary of adopting it because of the initial cost of tractors, the high cost and difficulty of obtaining fuel, and the cost of spares. Following the experience of farmers in Europe and America, however, and given normal time* and prices, the tractor is bound to oust oxen where the extent and nature of the land justifiesits use. If generally adopted it will have a beneficial effect on the export trade.in meat and hides.

Ford's Forging Plant.

According to a report from Detroit, orders have been placed by the •Ford Motor Co. for more than 100 giant drop forge hammers, costing over 1,000,000 dollars. The new equipment is designed to produce every steel forging used in the construction of lorries, tractors, and passenger ears. At present the plant produces only one-eighth of those needed, but. with the new machines installed the purchase of forgings from other concerns will not be necessary.

Officials of the Ford Co. also announcethat the production of steel balls for ball bearings will begin shortly. Production at the Ford Motor Co.'s -plant is increasing. A new record was established on May 3rd, When the butput for the day was 3,953 vehicles.

New Roads for New South Wales.

A comprehensive announcement re garding the decision of. the Cloverninent of New South Wales to float a loan. for the purpose of undertaking the construction of main roads in the Statewas made recently by the treasurer on the ocea-, sion a the official opening of a new' stretch of road at Parramatta.

The treasurer said that the Government had decided to lamich forthwith a £500,000 loan for the purpose of re snaking, the whole of the main roads in the Coupty of Cumberland.

It is the object of the Government," said Mr. Lang, " to put the other main roads in the County of Cumberland in the same excellent condition as the

stretch of re-made thoroughfare from Sydney to Parramatta, which we aro, formally opening to-day. The roads' upon whichwe propose to spend the £500,000 are the South Coast, Great Southern, Great Western, and Great Northern Roads. -The -Great Western highway, of course, has already. been attended to as far as Parramatta, but it is our intention, as part of this scheme, to extend the reconstruction right, through to the boundary of the County of Cumberland.

'The expenditure for the first year will total about £180,000, but subsequently, as more extensive plsest is secured, the rate of expenditure will be increasedI have already arranged with the State quarry at Port Kembla, which hitherto has been producing metal for a breakwater, to supply us with 170,000 tons of blue metal a year.

"It is ,scarcely necessary for me to point out that the scheme we have in view in floating this ,500,00q loan is in advance of the larger main roads scheme for the whole State to be embodied in legislation to be submitted to Parlianext session.".

Liverpool-Blackpool Daily Coach Service.

On Saturday last the Collingwood Transport. Co., of Liverpool, resumed their deity service to Blackpool with Daimler coaches. This season the company has arranged for more picking-up places in the city, and passengers can now book seats up at -any one of five stopping places on the route. The fares are less than last year, and are as follow :—Saturdays, 16s.. return ; other days, 13s. 6d.; return tickets available for one month being 16s. 611. The ser vice will be maintained daily. _

This is the jubilee of the introduction of rubber tyres for vehicles. R. W. Thomson haa put a few -lyres on the road previous to 1870, but it was not until. 1871 that air tyres were commenced to be produced in quantity. A. movement is on foot to celebrate the event.

We offer our hearty congratulations to Col. K. E. Crompton, 0.13., R.E., and Mrs. Crompton on the celebration of their golden wedding on Saturday last. And not only is it fifty years since he was married, but his wedding trip was a run on one 'of the passenger road engines ordered by the Indian Government for the great experiment. which cornmenced in. India in 1871. We had the pleasure of meeting the Colonel only the other afternoon, and could not help remarking upon the fact that he was one of the youngest in the party in inentabactivity, in 'vivacity and in fighting spirit. He has settled down at his new home at Azerley Chase, near Ripon, where he is the 'squire, the lord of the manor, and the owner of a vast estate. He succeeded his brother in the property, and as there has been rue lady' on the estate for 40 years, it can be imagined that Mrs. Crompton has ,veritably been received with joy by the villagers and residents. At the reception and -garden party on Saturday last, many' hundreds drove from places -in. North and -West YOrkshire, Durham, Northumberland, in Scotland, and from places insthe South, and the Colonel was hard put to. it, even with extensive accommodation, to place even a portion of the motor vehicles under cover.

Mr. D. W. Thorburn, who joined the staff of C. C. Wakefield and Co., Ltd., nearly five 'con-re ago as their special • aviation representative, has resigned his position, and we tinderstancl he containplates residing on the French Riviera. Mr. Thorburn has been actively associated with. axiatior.. since 1910; at the long series of flying competitions on Hendon before the war he acted as one of the • honorary officials at that aerodrome. -His service to aviation and motoring -since that tinte sere so well known as to need no special emphasis. His departure 'from London will be greatly regretted by a large circle of friends in business and social life.

Exemption for .Municipal Motors.

The Metropolitan Boroughs Standing Committee-, reports that it is Making representations to the Ministry of Transport and the Chancellor of the Exchequer as to the desirability that all motor vehicles used by local authorities for the carrying out of public services should be exempted from licensing duty in a similar manner to fire-engines, ambulances, and .steam rollers.

Trainload of Passengers in 30 Coaches.

The largest motor coach:party to leave

Liverpool this season.journeYed on Wednesday of last week in 30 coaches of the Lancashire United Tramways, Ltd., to Llangollen. There were 840 passengers, and they left promptly to time, at 8.30 a.m. The party was given au enthusiastic send-off, and'when the coaches left South Hill Road there was a big, crowd of spectators, who probably had not previously seen such a large assembly of coaches. The Lancashire United Tramways Co. have also secured the contract I or the transport of a big company of Lever Brothers' employees and their children to the annual party: given by Lord Lever hubne at Thornton Hough. c5

Water for , Steamers.

Considerable attention has been given by the North Western DiVision of the Commercial Motor Users Association to the provision of adequate facilities for supplying water to steam wagons, and another meeting has jnet taken place between the 'Liverpool City water engineer and the representatives of the C.M.U.A. on the subject.

Drivers of steam wagons in the Wirral Peninsula. should exercise a wise discretion as to the obtaining of water supplies in the Great Sutton district. It appears that drivers of steam wagons have caused the local -council to wax-Wrath by thawing up at various points along the. main roads taking in water, and depositing a,shes from the firebox on the main read. It bae been alleged that drivers did not -use a hydrant that was available for the purpose of procuring water, but stopped where there were ponds, several of which had been practically emptied of water. The police have promised to give the matter their attention.

Liverpool Buses Offered to Chester.

The general manager of the Liverpool Corporation tramwaye has informed the Chester Tramways Committee that ceetain of the imater oneeihne services have been withdrawn, 'and the Corporation would be willing to dispose Of a number of the buses if the Committee cared to inspect them and make an offer for same.

When the Matter was raised in the Council Chamber it was suggested that the reasons why the. Liverpool Corporation wanted tei dispose of these vehicles should be a.ecertained. This the Committee promised to do.

A New Road in the North.

• At an inquiry held by the Ministry of Health representative into the permission requested by West Hartlepool Corporation to borrow £25,000 towards constructing a new road between that town and Easington, Mr. A. E. Brooks, engineer of the Durham County Council, said that the propbsed new road was a step towards a huge scheme which wool(' probably develop for the carrying of a road north, across the Wear; to the -west of Sunderland, and on to the Tyne, providing, when finished, a through road across the county for traffic between Yorkshire and Nortleumlier

land. The new road would place West Hartlepool in closer touch with several places in the neighbourhood.

The West Hartlepool Town Council, the Durham County Council, and the Easingten Rural District Council are each to provide £45,000; and the Unethployment Grants Committee and the Ministry of Transport are expected to contribute £36,000 and £100,000. respectively, making a total of 2271,000.

Gravesend-Tilbury Tunnel .Scheme.

The town clerk of Gravesend is circularizing local authorities inviting support for . the scheme for a' GravesendTilbury tunnel, to afford inter-communication between the Midlands and the north and southern counties for both rail and vehicular traffic.

. Cracked Bridges.

The Middlesex County. Council reports that the canal . bridge at Greenford is to be closed for three weeks for repairs. The brick arch is cracked---this being a common occurrence with this type of bridge, which was not designed foy present-day traffic.

. I.A.E Informal Meetings.

Arrangements are now being made for the second of the series of informal meetings which are being organized by the Institution of Automobile Engineers. It is hoped on this occasion to demonstrate, in actual operation, various devices pertaining to carburation, and ills suggested that the demonstration should take the form of a meeting at some central spot in Birmingham on the afternoon of Saturday, June 25th, and that the ears on which the devices are fitted should then proceed, with the members of the Institution on board,to some spot. such as Sutton, Park, when tea will be taken by invitation of the Institution, folleerett by a .discussion in regard to the merits of each device. It is, of course, understood that free opportunity is given to the demonstrator to explain his particular device.

Firms who would he willing to provide a ear for this purpose fitted with their own carlineation device are asked to communicate at once with the secretary of the. Institution of Automobile Engineers, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W.1,

A Demand for Steamers.

We illustrate on this page part of a fleet of Clayton .5 ton steam wagons, just delivered to Clifford and Son, Ltd., the well-known haulage contractors, of Hammersmith, by Clayton Wagons, Ltd., of Lincoln.

It is quite refreshing in these• days of general stagnation to find a firm in a position to add so considerably to an .already large fleet. It speaks volumes for the business capacity of MOW& Clifford, and reflects credit on the Clayton as the.• vehicle chosen by 3 progressive and discriminating firm. There is, at the same time, a feeling that the prices, now quoted for vehicles of this type are proving quite an inducement, as it is problematical if they can really thep very much lower during the next six months, whilet there is always the fear that a sharp revival of trade might even -cause an increase, especially as manufacturers are actually selling vehicles in stock at a considerable loss to theinselves..

Transport for Bolton.

The Bolton Corporation cleansing superintendent has prepared a report as to the woilking cost of. motor vehicles as compared with heroes and carte in connection with the collection of refuse, and, as a consequence; the question of the purchase of motor vehicles for refuse collection -has .been referred to a. subcommittee .consieting of the chairman of the cleansing committee, the vicethairman, and Messrs. J. Entwistle, Peters, and Cheadle for consideration and report. , Speed Limits: The County Councils Association has considered -a. proposal from the West Riding County Council that it should he imperative for all users of county roads by steam or motor wagons' or coaches of over one-ton lead capacity to install on such vehicles governors to be

effective at 12 miles an hour. •

The highways committee expressed the opinion that the engineering difficulties involved were sueh as to render it impracticable to install governors on -all types of vehicles for the purpose of limiting their speed. The Association, however, referred the question back to the• highways committee for further consideration.

Local Proceedings.

Nelson. T.C. requires a motorvan. Eston U.D.C. wants to borrow 21,783 o purchase a steam wagon and two ;milers.

-A 25 h.p. Berliet ambulance has been olorchased by Middlesex County Council or 2275.

• The purchase of a transport wagon ind a steam roller is under consideration oy the New Forest R.D.C.

Brighton Watch Committee has recommended the re-fitting of two Fiat chassis is fire tenders at a cost of 2385.

The question of purchasing motor lorries is under the consideration of a 3ornmittee of the Abram U.D.C.

The Surveyor of the Walthamstow LT.D.C. is to report upon tho advisability of purchasing a petrol lawn mower.

The Wirral Rural District Council has appointed a sub-committee to inquire into the comparative cost of team labour and the nee of steam wagons.

Manchester _ Corporation tramways committee has accepted the tender of E. Benton and Co. (Nottingham), Ltd., for the supply of a 3 ton rubber-tyred trailer.

The offer of Messrs. W. and E. Archer, Edmonton, to supply two motor road sweepers at £1,200 each is recommended to the Battersea T.C. for acceptance.

The Ministry of Transport. has sanctioned the borrowing by leVaitha,mstow U.D.C. of 21,365 for an ElectromObile tower wagon, and by Wein R.D.C. of 21,51.5 for a steam wagon.

Commencing on June 1st, the North Eastern Railway Co. instituted weekday motorbue services between Annfield Plain and South Moor, and :between Durham, Lanclicster, and Annfield Plaie.

Salford Watch Gorrunittee proposes to accept the tender of Leyland Motors, Ltd.., for this supply of a standard Leyland motor fire-engine, with a first-aid pump and apparatus, ladder, and lighting set complete, for 21,840 10s.

Westminster Highways Committee wants to accept. the offer of the Eagle Engineering Co. to build bodies with tipping gear for the six Daimler chassis recently .purchased by the City Council. Thebodies will cost .k211 10s. each. The committee states that other bodies

recently bought from the Eagle Co. and fitted with their tipping gear have proved very satisfactory. Camberwell Borough Council has decided to invite quotations for the supply of two motor vehicles.

The tramways committee of the Manchester Corporation has appointed a subcommittee to go into the matter Of traffic congestion.

Suggested improvements at the Tividale fire station of the Rowley Regis U.D.C. include the mounting of the horse-drawn manual on a 1 ton chassis.

The Gas Committee of the Manchester Corporation has accepted the tender of the. Sentinel Waggon Works, Ltd., for the supply of a 3i ton Sentinel steam wagon.

A recommendation is before the Liverpool Corporation for the purchase ' of a Leyland petrol chassis of the rebuilt 0 type subsidy model four-loaner at a cost of .75a Owing to restricted train services the Manchester Watch Committee has granted temporary licenam for two motor char--banes running between _ Manchester and Glossop.

Southwark Borough Council is arranging its annual parade of municipal motor and horsed vehicles on June 25th. Messrs. Holden, Pickett and Wason Will act as judges of the Motors.

Bournemouth Corporation Works Committee, which has been considering the question of mechanical traction, now recommends the purchase of three vehicles at a total cost of 21,050.

Leeds Watch Committee has Pupowered the chairman and the chief• coestable to fix up temporary stands for omnibuses which are being run as a consequence of curtailment of tramway facilitie.s. , Fulham Borough Council's Highways Committee suggests the purchase of two horsed dustcarts, reporting that in view of the state of the market, it does not consider the present time opportune to purchase electric vehicles.

The Hull Corporation Tramways Committee has decided to obtain three new busesfor their Stoneferry route,

and authorize the acceptance, if satisfactory, of another vehicle which is being received on approval at an early date.

The new transport department of the Ilford Urban District Council has arranged for detailed daily reports of work executed by all motor vehicles upon the day following the completion of the work. All transport requirements are to be requisitioned through the foreman in charge.

Trams and Traffic.

The Metropolitan Municipal Tramways Council will shortly consider the question whether a veracie should_ he brought to a standstill before passing a stationary tramcar on the near side, and it is seeking the view of tramway managers thereon. The Ilford tramways manager states that it appears that in some provincial towns there is already a by-law prohibiting other :vehicles pare. ing on the near side of a tramcar when it is setting down or picking up passengers at recognized stopping places.

Manchester to Spend £5,800 on Motor Vehicles.

The Cleansing Committee of the Manchester Corporation has put forward an estimate totalling 2.5,800 for the purchases of motor sweeping machines and motor wagons. The committee, in its report to theCorporation, -points out that its policy has been for SOIIle_ time to introduce gradually mechanically propelled sweeping machines and tipping wagons. Experience has shown that this class of plant is mere economical than the horsedrawn machines, and the estimate submitted is in order to purchase one conebined motor sweeper and collector, two motor sweepers, and four motor wagons during this financial year.

An Albion Ambulance.

The illustrations on this page show a new 20 bp. Albion motor ambulance, which has recently been delivered by the _Albion Motor Gar Co., Ltd., of Scotstoun, to the Urban District Council of Erith, for fire brigade and ambulance service. The vehicle has accommodation for two stretcher cases and three sitting cases. The chassis is fitted with extra long springs to ensure easy riding, and Michelin pneumatic tyres are fitted to all Wheels. The ambulance is very workmanlike in appearance, and is proving of considerable utility to the Eritii municipal authorities.

A Greater -Great West Road.

As all arterial roads now being nonstructed have a width of 100 ft. or over, theMiddlesex County Council auggeots that the Great West Road, originally proposed for 80 ft., shall he 120 Is. The additional cost of land and extra, work will be 271,000. The Ministry of Transport has expressed approval of the proposal.

Roads in Kent.

In a report to the Kent County Council In reference to the classification of roads the provisional list refs,' ring to the 604.7 miles of Kent main roads was given as follows :—Class I, 389.9 miles; Class II, 123.2 miles; leaving 91.6 miles unclassified. Of the whole, therefore, 64 per cent, would be first-class roadssearning greats of probably 50 per cent, of the approved expenditure and about 20 per cent, would be second-class earning probably 25 per cent. The unclassified roads included short lengths to stations.

Of the retained urban main roads 1/4.64 miles were placed in Class I, and 20.01 miles in Class II, leaving 7.65 miles unclassified.

Of district roads, 23.35 were in Class I, and 175.45 miles in Class U.

Bus and Coach Services Develop a Seaside Resort.

Since the taking over of the tramways on Tees-side by the municipal authorities and the subsequent joining up, by means of bus routes, the pleasant eeaside town, Seaton Carew, is fast becoming popular amongst residents of the district. The corporations responsible are Stockton, Middlesbrough, and West Hartlepool, and undoubtedly the motor coach is playing a very important part in the opening out, of yet another coining north-east coast holiday resort.

Busy Liverpool Buses.

The earning capacity of the Liverpool Corporation eranibuses, some of which are being offered for sale, has never been greater than during the last few weeks of restricted tramway services. Although each vehicle has painted on it a notice "Licensed to Carry --Paseengsrs," the regulation has been more honoured in the breach than in the observance, and it has been quite a common sight to see vehicles. carrying as mans. as 50 per cent. more than the number of passengers they are licensed to hold.

Had this been done by motor coach proprietors, what, we wonder, would have happened?


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