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Phases of Refuse Collection
Page 116
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in a variety of towns
Unit Costs at Crgwe.
At the end of March, 1934, the cleansing department of Crewe Corporation, of. which Mr. H. -Y. Stazicker, M.Inst.P.C:, is superintendent, had 11 motor vehicles in service; comprising seven Fords, three 1,7ulcans and an S.D. Freighter, eight being used on -refuse collection, two on night-soil collection and the other on refuse disposal. The lengths of haul in the collection of household refuse range from half mile to 31 miles. In the year ended March, 1934, the unit costs of refuse collection were as follow :—Per .1,000. population, £116; per 1,000 houses, £424; per house per annum, 8s. 5.7d.; per visit, 1.96d. The amount collected per 1,000 population was 210 tons, the amount collected per house per annum being 15.3 cwt. The net cost per ton was us. 0.7d. The net expenditure on the collection of house refuse was £5,257.
So far as refuse disposal is' concerned, the unit costs were as -follow :—..Per 1,000 population, £62; per 1,000 houses, £226; per house per annum, £4 6.2d.; net cost per ton, gs. 10.8d. The net expediture on refuse disposal was £2,807.
Mr. Stazicker raises the point as to whether steel is the best material for refuse-collection bodies, as he' finds that a large amount of scaling occurs, due, in his opinion, to abrasion and the action of the refuse on the metal, Although his department has, once a month, painted the steel bodies with bitumastic paint, it has been necessary to 'renew the centre floor panels, and to obviate this excessive wear old lubrication oil is now being used once a week to coat the metal.
Tractor-trailer Units at Gateshead.
Both motor and horsed -vehicles are used for refuse col. ' lection at Gateshead, the latter being employed only in such • areas as are within easy reach of the point of disposal. In the year ended March, 1934, six tractor and trailer units were in regular use, with an additional unit during eight months of the year when the house refuse is heaviest; there were also a Ford 30-cwt. tipper, two Harrier Colt collectors and five horses and carts. The net cost of collection in this .period was £13,837, equivalent to 7s. 9d. per ton, £111 per 1,000 population and £463 per 1,000 houses.
During the year in question, the whole of the town's refuse was disposed of by controlled tipping, with the exception of 1,577 tons delivered to local farmers, gardeners or other private tips. The net cost of disposal during this period was £3,876, equivalent to 2s. 2d. per ton, £31 per 1,000 population and £130 per 1,000 houses.
The collection and disposal of trade refuse is carried out as required .by the tradespeople, the corporation allowing for the free collection of one bin of refuse per week, all additional •refuSe`being charged for at the rate of 3d. per standard bin, or 7s. 6d. per load. . .
Mr. R. ft Storer, M.I.P.C., is the cleansing superin' tendent.
Huddersfield Official on Suitable Types of Vehicle.
Mr. H. Neaverson, the superintendent of the _transport and cleansing department of Huddersfield, thinks that, today, the foremost problern exercising the minds of cleansing authorities is the question of dustless collection. He admits that much progress has been made, but considers that there are still many places whore improvements are long overdue.
• With regard to suitable vehicles, his view is that the best type is that with the largest possible cubic 'capacity as can be conveniently rnanceuvred in the districts to be served, _with the smallest engine-power possible. To-day, the tendency of, refuse is, to become more bulky and less weighty. He stresses the point that hauls are riot long and speed is not required. .
In his opinion, heavy vehicles with a tare weight in the c62
neighbourhood of 5-6 tons may be suitable for some large cities with modern roads, but for the majority of places, they are unsuitable, bec.ause of 'their ,unwieldy nature in small back streets. Htiddeisfield has recently adopted a type Which meets these different conditions. It has a 71cubic-yd. capacity, a 10 h.p. engine and costs approximately £300.
Collection Under Contract at Dover.
Dover Corporatiowuses five Bedford 2-tonners for refuse collection, the 'annual tonnage dealt with being approximately 9,400. The lorries are supplied by a haulage contractor, based on a daily charge, on a five-year contract, and he is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the vehicles. The contractor supplies the driver and the corporation the loaders, of which there are five to each vehicle. Mr. W. Boulton Smith, M.Inst.C.E., borough engineer, surveyor and water engineer, informs us that this method was adopted some 18 months ago, as a result of a reorganization scheme, and is working efficiently.
Northampton Employs the Pagefield System.
Mr. R. A. Winfield, A.M.Inst.C.E., is the borough engineer and surveyor of Northampton, and his department is responsible for refuse collection and disposal in the town, The Pagefield contain& system is used for collection, four units being in operation, each comprising a lorry, three horse-drawn containers and six collectors. A bi-weelily kerbside collection from dustbins is provided by the council, and the annual weight dealt with amounts to 21,000 tons. In the year ended March, 1934, the cost per ton was 7s. 10d. Trade refuse is collected by 30-cwt. covered lorries and is' charged for at Si. 6d. a load.. During the past municipal year, the revenue from this source amounted to £320. The corporation's refuse-disposal plant was erected' in 1930, and it has a capacity of 100 tons per 81-hour day. During the year ended March, 1934, 21,500 tons were disposed of, the cost per ton being 6s. 4d., including Joan charges_
Paignton's Holiday Problem.
At Paignton, four Thornycroft•vehicles are employed for refuse collection, three being 61-cubic-yd. machines with foot-operated covers, and the other a 10-12-cubic-yd. machine with an Eagle body arranged for side or end loading. This is the winter enuipment, but, as Paignton is a holiday resort, there is, in the summer, a considerable increase in the amount of refuse to be dealt with, and the number of collections is increased; a Morris-Commercial 30-cwt. lorry is also brought into service. In addition, extra loaders are employed on all vehicles. Trade refuse in the town is collected free of charge.
The method of disposal is by controlled tipping. Mr. F.. J. Thick, M.S.I.A., the chief sanitary inspector, tells us that a large number of acres of low-lying land has already been filled in by this method and is now being laid out as pleasure and sports grounds.
Collection Costs at West Bromwich.
The collection of dry refuse is carried Out at West Brom" wich by three Morris Commercial 30-cwt vehicles and four Ford refuse collectors of the same capacity. The average length_of haul is 14 mile, and the total tonnage collected for the year ended December 31, 1934, was 24,977, being made up as follow :—Ashbin refuse, 22,738 tons; ashpit refuse, 279 tons; institutions, 1,960 tons. The cost of collection per ton of ashbm refuse was 6s,. 0.5d.; of ashpit refuse, 7s. 7.1d., and of institutions, 2s. 8.2d. The disposal of the town's refuse is divided in the proportion of 75 per cent, by fuel-recovery plant and 25 per cent. by controlled tipping. Mr. W. W. Foakes, M.S.I.A., is the superintendent of ,refuse removal and disposal.