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Fares and their Control C) N Thursday, the first paper was
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entitled "Fares and Their Control," by Mr. C. A. Hopkins, general manager, Sunderland. The author includes many tables of fares and charges. The first gives the average distance per fare for trams, trolleybuses and motorbuses, and, as he points out that the ld. and lid. fares are the backbone of revenue, . we will restrict ourselves to giving figures concerning these:—ld. and lid. fares: tram, 1.061 and 1.755 mile; trolleybus, 0.953 and 1.485 mile; motorbus, .858 and 1.285 mile. The percentages of the total annual issue of tickets. of ld. and lid. are:—trams, 47.084 and 25.15; trolleybuses, 36.923 and 25.185; motorbuses, 31.073 and 23.697. Only four undertakings issue ordinary id. fares; three of these are in Scotland, the remaining one being Newcastleupon-Tyne. The average fare per mile, in the case of 82 undertakings, is:—trams, .882d.; trolleybuses, .956d.; motorbuses, 1.084d.
As regards workmen's fares, 10 undertakings have nothing of this type; four charge half; 12, single fare for return; one, id. above single for return ; one issues 12journey tickets; one, discount tickets; one, coupon tickets; 27 stipulate return on day of issue; nine, return at any time; three issue until 7 a.m.; nine until 7.45a.m.; 23 until 8 alm.;. 10 until 8.30 ,a.m.; .tWo until 8.45 a.m.; 23 until
9 a.m.; one until 10.30 a.m.; too, any time; showing a complete absence of uniformity.
The author says it is surprising that some should permit the return half of a workmen's ticket to be available at any time; it should be restricted to the day of issue. At Maidstone, a workmen's pass is issued only to a person insured under the National Health Insurance Acts. The author suggests that the only fair way is to include, everybody in the specified issuing times.
Only six undertakings issue universal tickets, varying between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. At Sunderland, the Id. universal is popular, but a number previously travelling after 9 a.m. now rides prior to that time. 0187 undertakings, all have children's tickets. The age limit for'free travel, in 41 cases where particulars were obtained, varies from three years to five years, and the maximum ages, in 65 cases; 12 -to -16 .years. The railways are objecting to five years and advocating three; this attitude, it is suggested, deserves support. Many undertakings give special facilities to scholars, but 13 have no such facilities, Thirty-one undertakings issue transfer tickets under various conditions; 56 do not do so. This is a class which is undoubtedly abused. At least 75 per cent. of Sunderland's missed-fare reports relate to 'transfer passengers overriding. A state of affairs which is difficult to remedy.
• Of 88 undertakings, only six issue all-day tickets, the charge ranging from 6d. to is.
There is a long analysis of conditions of issue of contract tickets, but 59 undertakings do not supply these.
• In respect of control of fares, the check should be such that. to bilk the undertaking becomes a hazardous proceeding.. The inspector's duty should be arranged to possess .an element of surprise. There is difficulty in obtaining convictions for attempts to avoid payment of fares, particularly when elderly, women are concerned. What, asks the author, is. the difference between robbing a transport undertaking and a case of shoplifting?