Yugoslav Industry Linked to the West
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I 'NUKE other Communist states. Li Yugoslavia is building up its infant motor industry, with help mainly from western manufacturers. Emphasis is on commercial vehicles, and during the past decade it has concluded licensing agreements with six West European vehicle and engine builders, and with a number of others for components and accessories.
These include Saurer and KlocknerHumbolt-Deutz for medium lorries and bus chassis, Fiat for light trucks and cars.
Massey‘Ferguson for farm tractors, I. Perkins -for oil engines, and Alfa-Romeo for trolleybUses. . •
In addition, .C.A.V. 'injection pumps and Austrian Franz , Wieser telescopic dampers are among the various components made under licence. An exception to the non-Communist orientation of the industry is an arrangement. with Czechoslovakia to produce a 3-ton lorry.
Thus whilst total production is still relatively small, a fairly wide range of vehicles is being made. There are about 90 factories, among which are four for lorries and cars, four for oil and petrol P22 engines, seven for bus bodies, one for tractors and three for motorcycles and scooters. Supporting these are some 70 smaller plants making auxiliary equipment and spare parts.
One of the country's largest post-war factories is the FAP in Priboj. In 1953 it acquired a licence from Saurer Werke in Vienna to build 5and 7-ton trucks which are now being made in eight twoaxle variations including four-wheel drive.
These are powered respectively by fourand six-cylindered oil engines of 90-b,h.p. and 130-b.h.p. rating. Three bus chassis are also produced, these being fitted with bodies from the October 11 plant in Skopje and from Ikarus in Zernun.
Crvena Zastava in Kragujevac, one of the oldest factories, is devoted to manufacturing Fiat vehicles. They include the Fiat 600, Multipla, 1100 and 1400 cars, as well as the 615B 1.5-ton truck and a cross-country military vehicle employing the same 1,901-c.c. engine. Trailers of 2-, 3and 5-ton payload rating are also made there.
Czech Praga 3-tonners, known as TAM trucks, are produced at the Tovarna Avtomobilov Maribor. By last year this plant had turned out 10,000 of these models, which use a six-cylindered 70blip, petrol engine. Now it has started to manufacture .3.5and 5-ton trucks with air-cooled oil engines made under licence
from •Klockner-Humbolt-Deutz. . .
Perkins engines have been built for several years at Industrija Motora Rakovica, the country's oldest motor, factory, which has been established for 30 years. The P4 is already in production, whilst the P3 is being introduced this year and the P6 in 1959.
One of the applications for the P4 is in the locally designed Zadrugar farm tractor made at the Industrija Traktora i Masina in Zernun. The same factory is also building the smaller Ferguson tractor, but powering it with the P3.
Buses for 18 passengers, produced at the Bratstvo Jedinstvo plant in Zemun, use the P4 engine as well, as do 2-ton fork-lift trucks, mine locomotives and industrial compressors made at other factories.