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PATENTS SUMMARIZED.

6th March 1919, Page 22
6th March 1919
Page 22
Page 22, 6th March 1919 — PATENTS SUMMARIZED.
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Which of the following most accurately describes the problem?

Two Important Engine Designs.

S. S. Guy's invention, No. 121,977, in connection with cylinder construction, has already had editorial referenee in the general pages of this journal, in oonnec. neetion with a description of Guy Motors, Ltd., new 2-ton chassis. The more technically-inclined of our readers, however, will undoubtedly turn with considerable interest to the drawing which we reproduce from the official

patent specification, as by an examination of this illustration a more precise idea of the details of this improvement will be gathered. It will be seen that,'in the construction thus exemplified, the camshaft occupies practically the norma' position within-the crankcase. Rocking levers carried :on bearings„above theisurface of the crank'. case are interposed between camshaft and valves, the latter ..being inclined at a convenient angle which, according to the specification, may vary from 45 degrees to 135 degrees to the centre line of the cylinder. In the particular illustration under consideration this angle is about 60 degrees. The Cylinder head bears on a facing which is inclined to the horizontal, and when this head is; removed, all the valves are exposed, and also the pistons. It will be readily appreciated how quickly and easily the cylinder heads and pistons may . be cleaned, and all without in any way affecting the valve gear or having to displace any part of it. The valves, too, are more readily withdrawable than is usual, it would appear, as the spring collars and cotters are more accessibly disposed than when these engine components are vertical. Attention is also drawn to the fact that the whole of the valve gear can conveniently be enclosed by an oil-tight cover, thus making for silence, cleanliness, and efficiency of • working. The principal other advantages, apart from those named, are reduced area of surface in combustion space, and absence of pockets.

• An interesting feature of the i

design as shown s the inclusion of what is termed a coMpreseion plate. This is the special piece of the metal of the cylinder head into which the sparking plug is screwed. It is made of such form that by altering its dimensions the actual compression

• : pressure of any engine may be varied. B48

It is interesting to note that other inventors are also devoting attention to

the same problem. Specification No. 122,262, by Dr. T. B. Murray a.nd the Albion" Motor Car Co., Ltd., describes an invention which aims at the same objects. In this case, however, while the valves are carried at an inclination to the vertical, the joint between cylinder head and body is horizontal, and the valves are aCtually contained in the cylinder head. The combustionchamber appears to be of good form from the point of view of minimum surface, and absence of pockets. The sparking plug, too, is well carried so that ample water jacketing is provided for it. The construction is more particularly adaptable to monobloc engines, the cylinders' being then cast in one with the

crankcase. The position of the camshaft should be noted, as it is carried about on a level with the piston when the latter is at the bottom of its stroke. Rocking levers are interposed between cams and valves, and the whole of the valve guar appears to be acee-ssibly disposed.

Detail Improvements.

No. 122,245, by F. W. Howorth, is an adjustable spanner, with the additional feature of being self-tightening on the nut upon which it is operated. The handle M this spanner is articulated in such a manner that when it is being applied, one portion of the handle reacts against the bottem either of the adjusting nut or of a special collar, and with considerable mechanical advantage, closes the jaws of the spanner upon the nut to be tightened.

No. 122,272, S. J. Ross, is a locknut device of the kind in which a cylindrical portion of the locking nut bears in a bored hole in the main nut, and this cylindrical portion and the bored hole are eccentric to the bolt.

Alldays and Onions, in No. 122,320, describe a simple construction of wheel

for agricultural tractors. A wroughtiron rim, separate wrought-iron spokes, and acast hub or boss are secured together by riveting. The construction is particularly favourable to economical main facture and easy replacement of spokes. The wheel should be strong in comparison with ,it* weight.

In No. 122,345, H. Moren describes a form of reciprocating balance weights to counter the unbalanced forces of a similar kind in such an engine as the internal-combustion engine. The sliding weights are constrained, however, by means of eccentrics moving in a peculiarly-shaped hole in the balance weights, to move irregularly, so as correctly to allow for the unequal inertia effects at opposite ends of the stroke.

No. 122,359, by W. G. Fisher, relates to that type of tractor wheel to the rim of which are pivoted fiat plates which afford additional surface in contact with the ground.

A. Lewis, in No. 122,374, describes a form of transmission gear for motor vehicles, in which, by means of a combination wheel and epicyclic gear and a method of controlling the relative positions of the friction wheels, in accordance with the torque for which the driven shaft calls, an automatic and infinitely' variable gear is provided.

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