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THE 82nd ANNUAL ROYAL SHOW.

A Comprehensive Report of the Exhibits of Steam and Petrol Vehicles, Agrimotors, Tractors, Traction Engines, Road Rollers, Electric Trucks and Fire Appliances on View at Town Moor, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

THE 82nd Royal Show, which opens to-day and closes next Saturday, is a very old-established institution first organized by The English Agricultural Society, which was founded on May 9th, 1838. The Society received the Royal Charter at the hands of Queen Victoria close on two years later, when it assumed its present title of the Royal Agricultural Society of England.

Since its formation the Society has held 81 annual exhibitions and, apart from five shows which have been held in the neighbourhood of London, 40 different centres in the Provinces have been visited. Only two places, Derby and Newcastle, have hitherto been visited four times, hut with the present show New castle will once again hold the record from the point of view of numbers of shows in any one place. The last visit to the City of 'Newcastle took place in 1908, and this year's exhibition will be held on the site of previous Royals in Newcastle, on the Town Moor, which is located only a mile from the hub of the city.

Ready access can be had to the showground by means of a direct service of electric tramcars from the central station to the main entrance in Park Terrace. The showground covers approximately 146 acres, which comprises the largest area ever occupied by shows of a similar nature. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales will pay an official visit to the show to-morrow (Wednesday), as well as making an informal round of the exhibits on Friday.

The number of entries in the implement section of this year's Royal is 453, a, figure which compares with the, record of 491 obtained at Cambridge in 1922. Although the actual number of exhibits is somewhat smaller it must not be thought that the implement section 'is lacking in interest, for, as a matter of fact, there is a very large display of steam wagons, tractors, traction engines and agrimetors, apart from a few petrol vehicles, whilst several new -implements, such as the Armstrong-Whitworth roller, and Martin's trailer fire-engine, are of more than paesing import.

Steamers on the Clayton Stand.

-Stand No. 136, occupied by Clayton and Shuttlewnrth, Ltd., is one of the largest, and the exhibits comprise an undertype steam wagon (actually exhibited by Clayton Wagons, Ltd.), a traction engine, a steam tractor, several threshing maohines, and crude-oil engines of various sizes.

The wagon has a load-carrying capacity of 6 tons, the boiler is of the vertical cross-tube type with a cylindrical outer shell and a firebox which is cylindrical at each end, but is pressed to a square section in the middle; it can be cleaned by lowering, after the top and bottom joints have been disconnected. Two H.P. cylinders are used in the engine, and the valves a-re piatons. which will work for years without wear. The main drive is direct by roller -chain from crankshaft to the differential gearing on the rear aide. Especial attention has-.been given to the steering, which is Ackerman; there are no stub axles in the strict sense of the words, the wheels being mountedon cast-steel centres, which carry the connections and drag linklever. This construction gives a centrepoint,steering effect.

Braking is effected by expanding shoes in the rear wheel drums, the engine acting as a powerful brake for emergency usepi

The 5 n.h.p. compound tract-or is on rubber tyres and has two speeds; the drive is by spur gearing, and the whole engine is spring mounted, the springs at the rear being underslung and carried outside the horn-plates. Steering, is effected-by chains with spring buffers.

The traction engine is of 7 n.h.p., and has a single-cylinder . engine, two speeds, gear drive and .winding drum. The steering is of the usual type, except that the chain links are twisted.

A Foster Steamer with Tipping Body.

One of the most interesting exhibits shown by William Foster and Co., Ltd,, on Stand No. 137, is their -5-6-ton compound steam Wagon, fitted with a body which can be tipped to an angle a 40 degrees. The tipping gearconsists of a screw between body and cab, which is driven through the medium of a -roller chaincarried along the near-side

frame channel and connecting with a friction disc,. the . periphery of which can be engaged with a groove in the engine flywheel; overtipping is prevented by incorporating a friction device between the chain sprocket and the bevel pinion shaft of the screw.

The wagon is an overtype with a loco-type boiler. and Belp.aire firebox, the engine may-be run-either as a compound . OF as a double II.F., and-the slide valves are operated by Stephenson link motion. Two speeds of 4 m.p.h. and 8 m.p.h. are provided, and a third speed to, give 12 m.p.h. can be fitted if required. The final drive ivby single roller chain to a large chain wheel couthe rear axle; within this chain wheel is the bevel differential gearing, whieleis totally enclosed.

Next to the wagon is a 5-ton compound steam tractor mounted on rubber tyres: The chief feature of this machine lies in the springs, which are placed above the rear axle and outside the horn-plates. This gives a wide spring base and prevents rocking. At the front the boiler is supported on the centrally pivoted axle by a wide cross-spring.

This engine has two changes of speed, differential gear, winding drum, geared feed pump and injectors, and a power ful brake acting inside the rims of the driving wheels. •

At the front of the stand is a powerful 7 n.h.p, traction engine on steel-tyred wheels. This is the ordinary singlecylinder agricultural type, spring mounted and capable of hauling loads up to 20 tons.

The last engine is a compound road locomotive of 7 e.h.p., built to meet. the needs of the showman and equipped with a dynamo which is carried on a • bracket in front of the 'chimney, over the smokebox. Three speeds are provided, and the engine can be converted to double high pressure.

Of particular interest is the new threshing machine with a side rotary feeder.

The Latest Mann 64nnner.

Three fine steam vehicles are staged on Stand No 234 by Mann's Patent Steam Cart, and Wagon Co., Ltd. Of these the latest is the 6-ton wagon, which is similar to one used in the recent trial run and consumption test on Leathley Bank which proved so successful, except that in this instance a fixed body is fitted.

The compound engine is mounted on a lore. .type which is fixed at the side in order to reduce the overall length, and also to _permit one man to handle the vehicle without assistance. Three speeds are given by the gearing, and the lowest permits the climbing of gradients as steep. as 1 in 5 with a full load. A roller chain is employed between thirdmotion shaft and differential, the latter being carried in an oil-retaining ease.

Much the same design is embodied in the 4-ton wagon, except that this is much lighter and can run at 18 m.p.h. on, top gear. It is provided with a rack-and-pinion tipping gear of a simple and foolproof type. •

The third vehicle is the well-known tipping cart, which is intended for estate work, brickmakers, quarry owners, and the haulage of road metal. It carries 5 tons, and, owing to the short wheelbase, can be direct driven by gearing without the use of a chain. If necessary it e'en easily he converted to a road roller.

Garrett Vehicles from 6to 12-ton Loads.

No Royal Show would be complete without the fine exhibits shown by Richard Garrett and Sons, Ltd. This year they are to be found on Stand No. 138, where are staged a 6-ton undertype steam wagon, a 7 1i.h.p. single-cylinder traction engine, and their No. 4 compound steam tractor, which is capable of hauling loads up to 12 tons, and can also be used for driving stationary machinery.

The steam wagon is too well known to require a long description, but. special mention must. be made of the boiler,' which embodies unusual features, such as an inspection door at the front to facilitate the cleaning or expansion of the boiler tubes; access to this door is obtained by swinging oat a hinged portion of the dash ; there is also a large manhole at the back. of the boiler and a stoking chute in the footplate. Great efficiency is given by a. large feed-water heater, on the front of which is carried the Manset mechanical lubricator. Two speeds are provided by the gearing, and the final drive is by a roller chain to each rear wheel. We must not forget to mention the worm-and-wheel Ackerman steering and the dished wheels, which bring the pivots immediately above, the points of contact with, the ground. Another feature is the use of roller bearings for the wheels_

The traction engine is fitted with Pickering-type governors, and incorporates a patent corrugated firebox, which does away with the need for stays. It is a fine, hefty-looking machine, with pinion final drive to a large spur-wheel containing the differential gearing, and carried at the inner side of the off-side rear wheel. Two speeds are provided, and there is a useful winding drum between the near-side rear wheel and the born plate.

The'rem.aining exhibits are a 54-in, threshing machine and a smaller one of 49 ins., suitable for the small holder.

Steam Vehicle Exhibits (contd.).

Three New Foden Six-tonners

Three of the new six-ton Foden steam wagons and a fourfive-ten trailer are shown by Fodens, Ltd., Stand No. 222. The wagons are to the order of W. Black and Son, Brechin; the Calico Printers Association, Ltd., Manchester, and the Dyke Head Colliery Co., purnopfield.

The boiler pressure on these wagons is 220 lb., and this, combined with a larger engine and three-speed gear, makes them extremely powerful.

An important feature in the six-tonner is the ACkerman steering, effected through a screw-operated bell-crank lever connected to the off-side steering arm. The front cress-spring is very long and has a shackle at each end. Drop-arms from the frame prevent undue vertical movements of the axle.

A roller chain to an enclosed differential is used for the final drive, and adequate braking is afforded, by expanding shoes in the rear wheel drums and a contracting band on an axle drum.

The trailer has interchangeable cast steel wheels and a Tiowerfut nand brake on each rear wheel.

The "Racy Steam Tractor-lorry.

The most attractive exhibit on Stand No. 240, occupied by Robey and Co., Ltd., is undoubtedly the steam tractorlorry, which has a load capacity of 10 tons and a permissible speed of 12 m.p.h. The tractor portion is the well-known v steam wagon, with its beautifully constructed locotype boiler, which requires no stays, special rack-and-pin-ion steering gear, with spring buffers, and centrally pivoted frant axle and long front cross-springs.

The trailer frame is pivoted to the top half of the turntable at each side, there being no central king pin. The lover half of the tuxntable takes the form of a casting 'extended to the rear to take the back ends of 'the tractor springs. The bike cable is carried over a pulley mounted over the centre of the turntable and thence to the brake whipple tree. One brake shoe operates against the inside of each trailer wheel rim, giving an immensely powerful action.

The body has steel stanchions and wire ropes. Another exhibit' is a 7 n.h.p. compound traction engine convertible to a road roller with a ,minimum of labour and in a very short time. The new Robey tractor is also on view.

A New Yorkshire Tractor Coming.

The two vehicles shown by the Yorkshire Patent Steam Wagon Co., on Stand No, 242, are amongst the most interesting displayed. One is the latest model steam wagon with .a tippino.b body hand or mechanically operated, the other is a patent gully emptier and resealer which, appropriately enough, is one built for the corporation of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The 6-7-ton wagon has already been described, in detail in The Commercial Motor, and we need only give its salient features. The holler is a double-ended loccatypeplaced.across the front of the vehicle', the water level is practically constant even on steep hills ; it incorporates a superheater.

The compound vertical engine drives through an enclosed c30

three-speed gearbox, aud thence by a propeller shaft enclosed in a torque tube to a bevel and spur double-reduction' gear in the rear axle casing.,

• In the gullyentritier a patent reciangidar tank divided longitudinally forms two separate compartments, each of 500 gallons capacity. A large circular vacuum chamber is carried on the upper portion, the'vactium being created by an injector. The refuse is first drawn into this chamber and then emptied into tho 'sludge tank beneath by opening an airtight door. Water from the lower tank reseals the gullies. -• It was hoped that the new tractor would be on view, and possibly this may have arrived since this was written.

The "Little Giants" from Andover.

A.steam wagon of 5' tons capacity was the only machine on Stand No. 202, held by W. Tasker and Sons, Ltd:, at the timo of our visit, although a steam tractor-lorry to carry 10 tons and a type B2 Little Giant steam tractor with three speeds, winding drums etc., were expected. The wagon ha a compound engine, with separate exhaust to each cylinder, -and a two-speed gear. The final-drive is by a single roller chain to an enclosed differential on-the back axle. Braking is effected by a band round the flywheel, and another on the •differential casing. Another important point in the design is the provision of dished steel wheels by which centre point steering is obtained.

The Super-Sentinel's First Show Airing.

The Royal Show provides the opportunity to. the public for its first inspectiwn of the Super-Sentinel chassis which, RS will be remembered from the description given in The Cons merciat Motor for April 17th, incorporates (1) a new boiler with straight tubes set at a steep angle so as to facilitate firing and convection, (2) a new engine, and (3) is new coml. tershaft and differential gear.

The Super-Sentinel is shown as a three-Way tipping wagon, the tipping being effected bya patented hydraulic gear, and also as a six-wheeler, which latter is an entirely new production. Able to travel at 12 m.p.h., this vehicle can transport a load of 10 tons: The chassis is shortened, and a platform up to 24 ins, long by 7 ft. wide, with a low loading height. is mounted on a kingpin over the chassis back axle. Perfect provisiOn is made for the greatest flexibility of movement at this junction, and every attention has -been paid to the provis■on of the necessary strength and stability for travelling on average roads. The Sentinel trailer, with its pressed-steel unit construction largely reducing the number of loose parts in the chasSii, is shown, and also the new tractor which has been designed

to burn wood, coal or 'coke. The boiler of this tractor is placed well back behind the front axle,.-and, in order still-further to increase the adhesion, the engine is placed at the rear of the vehicle, driving forward on to the rear wheels. The water tank is also placed directly over the back axle with the same object. The springing is excellent, and over good roads rubber tyres should have a life of 15,000 miles. We hope to deal with this tractor more fully in a later issue.

The Super-Sentinel exhibits will be found on Stand No. 221. The Allchin Overtyne with Ackerman Steering.

The duly vehicle shown by William .Afichin, Ltd., On Stand No. 241, is their well-known six-ton overtype steam wagon with compound engine. One ni the most interesting features of this vehicle is the Ackerman steering, which iS used in conjunction with a centrally pivoted front axle provided with an unusually wide cross-spring. • The steering gear consists of a bell crank lever, the short arm of which is controlled by the steering wheel throtigh a worm. and nut and two the long arm is connected to the off-side steering arm. Three speeds are provided by the gearing, and the final drive is by a single roller chain to an enclosed differential on the back axle.

There is a powerful band braise on a back-axle drum and one on each rear-wheel drum.

Ruston's Traction Engine for General Haulage. . A 6 nap. compound traction engine is shown on Stand No. 163, by Ruston and Hornsby, Ltd. This machine is designed for both threshing and general haulage purposes, and the rear axle is provided with laminated springs. The two speeds provided give two and four miles per hour. They are operated through a patent clutch, which prevents any risk of jamming through both gears being engaged si rnultaneously.

Stephenson link motion is used for the reversing gear. included in the design is a forward winding drum, provided with 50 yds. of wire rope,

rhe Range of Burrell's.

A five-ion steam wagon on rubber tyres, a steam tractor, and a 5 n.h.p. road locomotive are to be found on Stand No. 247, exhibited by Charles Burrell and Sans, Ltd:

The tractor is a 7i-ten type. on rubber tyres, built specially he to come under t new regulatoris. It has a, compound engine, three speeds, and gear drive by cut pinions to the rear wheels, two sets of gears being employed, RS the differntial is on the second-motion shaft. This machine is sprung at the back by inverted semi-elliptics, each of which rests in a suspended pan. At the front is a cross-spring.

Braking is effected by shoes acting on the rear wheel rims and another shoe on the periphery of the flywheel. The wagon is a, two-speed type with compound engine and single-chain drive to an enclosed differential on the back axle. Braking is by a contracting band on a-separate drum on the axle and a. shoe on the flywheel, Three speeds are provided on the road locomotive, which also has a compound engine.

Heavyweights on the Ransornes Stand.

According to the advance particulars, the Ransemes 5-6ton steam wagon should be on view on Stand No. 226, but its place has been taken by a 4 n.h.p. compound steam tractor on rubber tyres. In addition to this there is a 6 n.h.p. compound traction engine on steel tyres, and spring mounted at the rear, and a 7 nap. -single-cylinder kaction engine with two speeds, winding drum, etc., both being specially designed for farm end estate work.

The:` springing of the large traction engine is somewhat unusual, the springs being of the, square-section coil type carried between long rods fixed. to'the axle and bearing on a cross member -of the main structure. Spur. gears are em, pla-/ed for the final drive, the compensating gear being embodied with the main spur wheel.

On the axle, at the inner side of the near-side wheel, is .a large winding drum, and next to this the contracting bawl brake.

The small traction engine resembles that iust described, except for its engine and the fact that it 'is not sprung. A very neat, compact appearance is presented by the small tractor, which is, of course, spring-mounted at both ends; this also has a winding drum, but the brake acts on the inside of the wheel rims.

Marshall's Tractor and Traction Engine.

The 6 n.h.p. single-cylinder traction engine staged on Stand No. 140, by Marshall, Sons and Co., Ltd., is suitable for travelling speeds of two and four miles per -hour; it is the usual type adapted for agricultural purposes, with Stephenson link motion, four-shaft transmission, winding drum and governor.

On the same stand is a compound steam tractor with radial gear valve mechanism. The power is transmitted on the three-shaft principle, with the gears running in an oil bath. Two speeds are provided, and. the machine is carried at the rear on laminated springs situated outside the horn plates.

The cylinders are lubricated by an automatic pump with ball valves' andia Pickering 'type governor ,enables the engine to drive,stationary machinery.

Fowler's Traction Engine-cum-Road Roller.

The exhibits staged by John Fowler and Co. (Leeds), Ltd., on Stand No. 164, occupy theit usual position in front of the main entrance. Amongst them is the D5 type traction engine and the T3 model tractor. This last machine is -difficult to place in its correct category, as it is convertible to a road roller, and is equally serviceable in either capacity. The change-over is' effected in a very neat manner, is thepatent pivotal' bracket is unbolted and swung right under the boiler barrel, where it carries the kingpin of the traction . forecarri age.

The traction engine is specially constructed topass the tests of the Manchester Steam 'Users' Association. "It has a compound engine (which can be altered to double H.P. when requirecl), three speeds, and the patent spring gear, which permits freedom of movement without altering the mesh of the driving gears. The usefulness Of the machine is extended by the provision of a winding drum.

Traction Engine and Tractor by McLaren.

Amongst the implements .shown by J. and II. McLaren, Ltd., on Stand No. 215, are a compound traction engine for G. and J. Stubley, of Batley, and a gold medal steam tractor. The former machine is the fourth supplied to the same firm. It has three speeds, with cast-steel gearing, and the unusual feature of a differential gear on the third-motion shaft, so that each. rear wheel is driven separately by its own main spur wheel and pinion. The cylinders are steam jacketed and a winding drum is previded.

The tractor also has a compound engine, and is practically a 5-tan replica of the larger machine, except that two speeds are considered sufficient. It is 'spring mounted at both ends; the rear springing in both this and the -fraction engine being of very curious design. At each side is an inverted semi-elliptic spring bearing on the inner face of a slipper suspended from the rear axle.

Atkinson's Represented by 6-ton Steamer.

Only one vehicle is staged on Stand Na. 243 by Atkinson and Co., but this is a fine example of their 6-ton steam wagon with the Atkinson-Uniflow engine, built for W. 3. Godwin and Son, of London aid Winchester.

The Atkinson wagon is an nndertype,with a patent boiler which_ is made virtually in twopieces, a firebox with water tubes and an outer shell. The construction permits dispensing with screwed stay -tubes, -and to clean the boiler it is only necessary to lift off the top portion, when the tubes are exposed. Firing is effected through a shoot under the foot-brake.

The engine has two cylinders, and steel ball valve actuated by hardened steel cams. Efficiency is promoted by the use of a feed-water heater and a steam auperheater._ The drive is very simple, a sprocket. on the crankshaft being connected by a chain to an enclosed differential gear, no change speed gears being employed.

and Porter to the Fore.

Right in front of the mainentrance Aveling and Porter, Ltd., have a worthy position, on. Stand No. 141, for their many steam exhibits, some of which are described elsewhere; here we will deal only with the G.N.D. compound steam ticto', which weighs under 5 tons, and the 7 n.h.p, single-cylinder traction engine.

The tractor is spring 'mounted on both axles, the springing at the rear being by two leaf-type.springs suspended fronnthe axle by a very strong bolt. They are placed crosswise, and on them rests the bottom of the firebox. The drive is by spur gears to the near-side wheel, fast and slow speeds being provided. .

A great Impression of power and strength of construction is given by the traction engine which is equippedwith a large winding drum inside the near-side driving wheel. Two speeds are provided, and the final drive iS by spur gears, the differential being embodied in the main spur wheel.

Amongst the Petrol Vehicle Exhibits.

Four Fords to the Fore.

Amongst the four Ford vehicles shown on Stand No. 426 by Ellisen and Smith, Ltd., is a,very interesting char-a-banes on the ton truck, which can very easily be converted to a platform lorry with cab. The rows of seats are made separ. ate, and after they are unbolted they can he lifted_ off with ease and the :platform body bolted into position.. • Only two bolts are required for this fait operation and two for the cab. There is also a Ford touring car convertible to a Platform lorry, the cost. of conversion being L31 'Os. In thin centre Of, the stand isa 14-seater aaltaan bus on the ton truck. The chief feature of this Is the...tut-of/tat:in window lifts : they can be kept open at.any. position, but close automatically. A locker at the back accommodates two spare rims and tyres.

A.F. Only Continental Chassis Exhibited.

The only Continental chassis exhibited is the A.F. 2025-cwt. made by the Austrian Automobile Manufacturing Co.

(formerly Austro-Fiat), • whicla is to be found on Stand No, 308, occupied by A. Smart, the district agent. The chassis is a very nicely designed job on pneumatic tyres. It has a.faur-cylinder monobloc engine, with side-by side valves, with a disc clutch. The gearbox gives four '• speeds, and the drive is takenthrough a propeller shaft enclosed in a torque member, which forms part of the pressedsteel axle casing.

The second machine of the same make is a petrol industrial truck with a 'two-cylinder air-Cooled engine' and a load capacity of 30 cwt.

Thornycrofts on a Deahr's Stand. . . .

A ,T-type Thornycroft, with three-way hydraulic tipping gear, a similar vehicle with flat platform body, a 34-tOn Peerless with W.D. body and twin-screw tipping gear, a second Peerless with fixed body, a 30-cwt. Fiat, arid a 50-cwt. of the same make are showrs by the Wholesale Motor Trading Co. on Stand No. 304. All these vehicles are reconditioned.

Powell and Horn, Ltd., occupying Stand No. 293, shaw a standard Ford van and a ton truck with horizontal-screw. operated end tipping gear for the lorry body.

A One-wheel Road Tractor.

At the time we visited Stand No. 202, held by W. Tacker and Sons, Ltd., that curious petrol machine, the Autahorse, had not arrived. It is a one-wheel road tractor, which can be coupled like a horse (hence its name) to ordinary wligons, 5-tan trailers, fire-engines, etc. It can be turned on itself in a complete circle, and thus permit: forward or backward. drive.

Garner's Busvan.

Several interesting vehicles are shown on Stand No. 418 by Henry Garner, Ltd. Of these, the outstanding one is the busvan, which is the new S type mounted on N.A.P. tyres.

The new vehicle embodies many improvements over its predecessor, and we will summarize these. Instead of the tailboard and curtain, rattle-proof double doors are used great attention has been paid to the windows, which can be held rigid in any position desired; there is new no partition between driver and passengers, a single box "pew" being used; at the near side front there is a folding safety door operated from the driver's seat.

• The other two vehicles are a 20-24-seater coach with Dunkp disc wheels and pneumatic tyres, and a model 15 chassis carrying a hinged-sided lorry body.

International Goods and Passenger Vehicles.

The International Harvester Co. of Great Britain, Ltd., have three vehicles on Stand No. 236. The-largest is a 14seater saloon bus, with a single wide door at the off-side front and an 'emergency door at the back : there is a gangway with folding seats, and ample ventilation is given by.drap windows.

The second vehicle is a 2-ton hopper, suitable far carrying coal; the whale tailboard is hinged, but two hinged flaps are also Provided.

Last comes the 2-ton service toi-ry fitted with a winch-at the front end of the body to facilitate loading

Petrol and Steam Road Rollers.

Fowler's Complete Road-repairing Machine.

Perhaps the most interesting road roller is that shown on Stand No. 164 by John Fowler and Co. (Leeds), Ltd. It is actually a -complete road-repairing machine, for it combines rolling with tar spraying, gritting, grouting and sweeping. We have not the space to describe it here in detail, but have

done so on previous occasions. • It must not be forgotten that this company also show a combined road roller and traction engine, which we have described elsewhere in this report.

Robey's Combined Roller and Tractor.

Another combined steam roller and tractor is shown by Roby and Co., Ltd., on..Stand No. 240. This machine has an additional set oF. rear wheels and a second forecarriage, the ccoversion taking from two to three hours.

Marshall 8-ton and 10-ton Models.

Two notable exhibits by Marshall, Sons and Co., Ltd., on Stand No. 140 are the 8-ton and 10-ton rollers. These are new types with piston valve gear in place of D-type slide valves, and simplified radial link motion reversing' gear. The smaller roller has a compound engine and three-shaft transmission, whereas the 104anner has four-shaft transmission and a single-cylinder engine. Both rollers have the-Marshall firebox with corrugated crownplate and smokebox tube plate.

The Ruston with Paraffin Engine.

A powerful and well-built motor roller driven by a twocylinder vertical paraffin engine, and weighing 8 tuns, is staged by Ruston-Hornsby, Ltd., on Stand No. 163. The drive from the engine is taken through to the gearbox by a

short shaft with disc couplings at each end, two clutches being provided on the gearbox to give forward and reverse, so that it is not necessary to disengage the gears while reversing.

Three speeds are provided, the final drive from gearbox to the driving rollers being through two trains of spurgears enclosea in sheet-steel guards.

The other roller shown by this company is of the compound, steam type, and weighs 10 tons. In its main features it closely resembles the traction engine already described.

The New Armstrong Roller in Three Sizes.

One would have thought that the design of the ordinary 'type steam roller would by now have reached finality, and it was with some surprise that we noted the many new features embodied in the machine shown on Stand No. 151, by Sir W. G. Armstrong-Whitworth and Co., Ltd. This is made in 8, 10, and 12-ton weights, but only one type was exhibited. The -boiler is of the usual type, with a Belpaire fire-box -with steel stays in the sides and crown. It is lap-jointed and double-riveted and has a large inspection door. The engine is of the two-cylinder compound type, with piston valve gearing; both cylinders and steam chests have renewable liners. Stephenson link motion is used for the valves.

The drive to the rear axle is through gears, sliding pinions on the crankshaft and first countershaft giving two speeds. The chief novelties he in the construction of the front and rear rollers and the front fork. Each of the two front rollers has a centre built up of two forged steel plates, dished at the centre and bolted to a heavy cast-iron hub and rim, the fitting being very accurakily performed so that the bolts take no load. The rear rollers are of the same type, except that only one dished plate is a-nployed for each.

The fork for the front rollers is a massive steel. casting-in lieu of the iron casting usually provided:

Burrell's Standard Production.

A standard 10-ton steam roller is shown on Stand No. 247 by Charles Burrell and Sons, Ltd. This machine-has a singlecylinder engine and two-speed gear.

Bar ford and Perkins Introduce a New Model.

A new type of motor roller is to be found on Stand No. 233, occupied by Bat-ford and Perkins, Ltd. It is a three-wheel water-ballast type :with a three-tn.° attached scarifier. The nominal weight is 12 tons, whicl. is increased to 144 tons when the water is added. The engine is of 30-36 b.h.p:,.running on • paraffin and of the four-cylinder type. Three o..ward and . two reverse speeds are provided by the gearing. An unusual feature is the water tank of 120 gallons capacity; . with sprinkling pipes to all rollers.

In addition to this there are four other machines ranging in weight from 36 cwt. to 12 tons, the smaller models being suitable for footpaths and estate or playing-ground work.

Aveling and Porter's Special Roller, for Tar-macadam

Of the three steam road rollers exhiLited by Aveling and Porter, Ltd., on Stand No., 141, two are standard types o. 10 tons and 14 tons respectively, whilst the third is a quickreverse tandem type seecially designed for tar-macadambituminous surfacing, etc.; it covers 4 ft. width of road and weighs six to seven tons.

Both the other rollers have the latest type piston valve gear and carry scarifier.

A New 2-ton Electric Truck.

A new 2-ton electric industrial truck and a-10-ton electric rail locomotive-are shown for the first time by Joseph Booths and Brothers, Ltd., on Stand No. 427. The C.U1 pany also make 10-cwt. and 1-ton platform trucks, steerabitt tractors in various sizes, and rail locomotives of varying pulling capacity.

Dealing with the 2-ton truck, this has a rolled channel frame carried right round to the front, where it is plated and welded. It can be driven in either direction from one end, hitt normally the driver faces forward and stands on a platform at the front end. Steering is on all four wheels, ant, the drive is by a 3 h.p. motor through a -worm gear to the differenti4I gear, thence by short shaft and knuckle joints to the rear wheel's.

The accumulators employed are Ironclad Exide of 161 amp.hour capacity.. Other batteries can he fitted if required_ The controller and resistance are made by the Electro Mechanical Brake Co., Ltd., and three speeds each way are provided.

Ransorne Runabout Crane.

The battery electric runabout crane shown on Stand No. 226 by Ransomes, Sims and Jefleries, Ltd., will certainly create great interest. It is on a platform, and will be denten strated. The load capacity is 15 cwt., and it travels, hoists and derricks under its own power. It can also tam about its own centre and operate on gradients of 1 in 10. The other electric exhibit is the 03 type Orwell industrial truck, with low platform to facilitate loading. This truck is manufactured in 12 standard models, including some with platform elevating gear.

The Standard Greenbat Truck.

On Stand No. 290, W. Goodyear and Sons, Ltd., stage a standard type 2-ton Greenbat industrial truck made by Greenwood and Batley, Ltd. This machine has a rolled channel frame made in one piece, a single motor and worm drive to a differential gear in the front axle. The, speed is 5 m.p.h.

Various .Types of Agricultural Tractors.

Double-engine Ploughing Machines.

On Stand No. 164 John Fowler and Co. (Leeds), Ltd., show two of their engines for double-engine ploughing, one of these being the B.S. class steam machine with patent automatic

coiling gear. The second engine is built to run on petrol, whilst special vaporizers can be provided forusing paraffin or alcohol ; the engine develops 70 b.h.p., and isistarted by a small . single-cylinder air-cooled engine connected by worm gearing to a shaft carrying friction discs, which can be brought into contact with the main flywheel. Three ploughing speeds and three road speeds, both forward and reverse, are provided. Another very interesting motor windlass for cable ploughing is that shown by J. and H. McLaren on Stand No. 215. The example staged is the large 60 h.p. model, which develops about 47 bap. when working on paraffin. In this machine the windlass is somewhat unusually situated at the rear, so that ita motion is parallel with the road wheels. The engine is placed across the frame with the radiator facing to the off side. Accompanying this machine is a five-furrow anti-balance plough.

The British-Wallis Agrimotor.

One of the most reliable tractors is the British Wale made by Ruston and Hornsby, Ltd., and shown on Stand No. 163. This machine has e four-cylinder engine of 28 h.p. designed to run on paraffin. Thelftframe is an immensely strong U-shaped pressing of boiler plate, which acts as an oil sump for the engine and an oil reservoir for the gearing.

All the gears are case-hardened and are machine cut from drop forging; whilstthe differential is of the three-bevelpinion type mounted on Hyatt roller bearings. A belt pulley mounted on the sliding .gear shaft can be used for stationary work, running at. 430 r.p ro.

The CIetrac Chain-track Machines.

H. G. Burford and Co., ,Ltd,, show two types of their Cletrac tractor on Stand No. 24. The first. is the 33-cwt. chain

• track machine, which they have marketed for a considerable time; the second type is the comparatively new 18-cwt, chaintrack machine. In their general design the two models are practically. identical except for the size of the components. The smaller has a four-cylinder engine of 17 h.p., and the other a four-cylinder, power unit of 25 h.p., paraffin being used as fuel.

04

-Saunderson's Entry for the Silver. Medal.

On Stand No. 224, occupied by the Saunderson Tractor and Implement Co., Ltd., are to be found a Model G 23-25 b.h.p. paraffin tractor and three examples of the new light model, which is entered for the silver medal The large machine is well known, and it is sufficient to mention that it is a fourwheeled type which can plough three to four furrows, take a full-size thesher and haul five to six ton-s The new light type is priced at £195, weighing 28 cwt. It has a combined roller hearing engine and gearbox and develops 20 b.h.p. at the pulley and 12 b.h.p. at the drawbar ; paraffie Or petrol may be need as fuel. The gearing provides speeds of two and three miles per hour and a reverse.

The final drive ie by enclosed roller chain to each rear wheel, the wheels being mounted on a. dead axle, whilst the front wheels are carried by a centrally pivoted axle. A spur gear differential is embodied in the transmission.

Garner's Agricultural Tractor.

Although Henry Garner, Ltd., are concentrating on their busvan and other petrol vehicles, they still cater for the fernier with their well-known four-wheeled tractor, of which two examples are shown, one machine driving the other by means of its pulley, the driven tractor having its working parte exposed to view. These are on Stand No. 418. "

The Simar Rototilier.

That very unusual type of eatery soil tiller—the. Shear Rotatiller—es shown in vaeious --sizea by Piceard, Pictetend Co. (London), Ltd., on Stand No. 246. and by B. H. Brown on Stand No. 237. The models range from 4 hp. singlecylinder types to the largest of 30 h.p. All are built on -the same lines, power being taken direct to the rotating springs and tines, which reduce the various operations, of tillage. to one.

The largest type does from 6 to 12 area per day, up to 12 ins, deep, and all types can be used for -stationary work. The No. 10 model is being shown for the first time; it is of 10 h.p. with two-stroke-cycle engine, and does from three to five acres per day.

The International and Titan Agrimotors.

On Stand No. 236 the Internationalliaryester Co. of Great Britain, Ltd.,' stage three International Junior tractors, a Titan tractor, and a new pattern heavy type with an engine of approximately 40 lap. This model is .quite different from the Rimier model and can undertake much heavier work. The engine is a four-cylinder, with detachable head 'and cylinders east with Lop half of crankcase. The frame is a single casting, which carries all the Oaring, and there is power take off above the differential gear of the final drive. Three speedssferward and a reverse are provided.

Blackstone 'a Creeper-track Agrimotor.

The creeper-track agrimotor shown on Stand Na. 231, by Blackstone and Co., Ltd., is of most unusual design, pareticularly in respect of the engine. This is of the three-cylinder type, with a fourth cylinder which acts as an air corn pressor. Paraffte fuel is supplied by a pump and sprayed by compressed air, and the power developed is almost the same at low speeds as at high.Air is also used for starting on paraffin from cold. The engine is governed and is adapted for driving farm machinery.

The Two Case Models.

On Stand No. 186, pee-opted by the I, Ca-se .Threshing Machine. Co., there are three -tractors, 'all 1.1Si I1S paraffin as fuel. Two are the new 12-20 h.p. mode!, which now shown for the first. time, the other is the 15-27 h.p. type. . The 12-20 h.p. follows the same lines as the other tractors, having the one-piece cast. main frame and engine set across.' to give direct spur gearing.

There are many improvements in detail, which comprise chrome nickel steel shafts and gears, a twin disc clutch, and the ned pressed-steel wheels, by which rivets are eliminated.

The engine has renewable liners to cylinders and variable heat control by shunting exhaust gases from one or more cylindersto the vaporizer, . A new Bosch .magneto with automatic starter is provided: •

The.BritisItHart-Parr.

The, two tractors shown on Stand No. 188, by theBritiSh .hart-Parr, are of types which are .renowned for their strength of.eonstruetion and heavy duty engines. They are alike except in size, the larger being of 39 h.p. and the, other of 20 h.p. The larger machine is .shown lifting itself on a special fraine:

The main features of both tractors are solid cast-steel frame with forward extension for forecarriage; two-cylinder horizontal engine set longitudinally, two speeds and reverse, and warmed fuel supply for slow running Only.

The Three-wheeled Glasgow Agrimotor.

There are few tractors more interesting or MOTO cleverly designed than the Glasgow, made by Wallace Cilasgow), Ltd., and-te be. found on Stand •No. 150. It is rated at' 27

and its four-cylinder engine is suitable for petrol or paraffin: It has two forward speeds and a reverse. A feature of great importance is that the drive is taken by all three wheels through bevel gearing. _ •

The front wheels are Ackerman steered. At the off side is a belt pulley for driving stationary machinery.

The Austin andits Good Points.

An example of the famous. Austin tractor is to be found on Stand No. 162. where it is exhibited by Barclay, ROSS and Hutchison, Ltd. The engine is similar to that used on the car and lorry, and is a four-cylinder unit of 20 h.p. The tractor frame is built-up of three main sections----the crankcase, transmission case, and what -would, in the ordinary vehicle, be the back axle. 'These three sections are firmly bolted together and enelose the whole of.the‘gearing.

A Variety of Motor. Mowers...

Five different types of motor mowers. are displayed on Stand No. 372 by T. Green and. Son, Ltd.. -They comprise the standard 24-in., 30-in. and Mein. Models, and two new light, types with two-stroke cycle engines.' One of the chief points about all these mowers is that a clutch is provided for stopping the cutting cylinder when the machine is travelling without .Cutting. .

George,and Jthling are showing a Fordson tractor on Stand-No. 376.

A fine selection Of motor mowers of various sizes is shown by Ransomes,. Sims and Jefferies on Stand No: 289. There is also a particular novelty in the form of the M.P. motor pusher, a 2 h.n. machine for attaching to ordinary mowers up to 24-in. cut. The machine has a seat, so that it can be manipulated in comfort. The other machines include an 18-in, mower and a 20-in. mower for sports grounds, and a 30-in, type for parks and golf curses.

A large quantriple machine is also shown by H. G. Burford and CO. on Stand No. 245, and a smaller machine by Cole

grave and Co., Ltd„on Stand No. 155. .

Henry Walker and Son, Ltd., show an Atco motor -lawn mower on Stand No. 423.

Tipping Trailers and Others.

The trailers exhibited by the Eagle Engieeering,Co., Ltd., on Stand No. 218 include a 3-ten end tipper, a three-way tipper of the same capacity, and a special two-wheeled endtipping trailer designed for use with the Fordson•and other tractors of this type.

The new trailer imposes additional weight on the draw bar and increases the tractive effort by nearly 100 per cent, and its construction enables the tractor to he reversed. The load line is remarkably low, being only 2 ft. 4 ins, from the ground.. .

Cross-screws and a telescopic vertical screw are employed on the three-may types, but these features are so well known as not to retmire a detailed description.

Two trailers are shown on Stand No. 189 by Fleming and Co. One of the trailers is a 3-ton end-tipping type with an adjustable tailboard, by which various grades of road metal can be distributed over the road; it is built by Alex. Laurie arid Co., of Falkirk. The second trailer of the same make is 5-6-LOmier front-tipping wagon for distributing chips or grit iu conjunction with a tmesprayer, and for this purpose it is fitted with a mechanically driven agitator and screw tipping gear.

Several trailers of 5 tons capacity, fitted with standard, side-tipping and end-tipping bodies respectively, are to be found exhibited ou Stand No-. 202 by W. Tasker and Sons, Ltd.

The well-known Bartle Doublelode trailer of 2 tons capacity and all-steel construction is shown by the Forth Engine and Motor Works (Neweastle-cm-Tyne), Ltd., on Stand No. 223. One of-the .leatures of this trailer is the provision of ball bearings fie the disc wheels.

Fire Engines and Trailer Pumps.

A New Trailer Pump. , The rapid development and appreciation of the self-contained trailer fire pimp is emphasized by the appearance of a new type made b; Martin's Cultivator Co., Ltd., and shown C35 on Stand No. 134. This trailer has a rolled channel frame, inswept at the front to carry the reduction gearing for the

pump and the pump itself. . The four-cylinder petrol engine is three-point supported on the main frame and a stout cross-member, and drives through a Ferodo-f aced cone clutch and flexible disc joint to the reduction gearing.

The pump is of the rotary type and is remarkably compact, and on its driving shaft is a well-protected flexible joint.

The rear axle is a square-section forging dropped to avoid the engine sump, whilst the front axle is of girder construction. Dunlop steel wheels and tyres are fitted all round.

Large and Small on Merryweather's Stand.

As usual, Merryweather and Sons, Ltd., have been entrusted with the s:afety of the Show against fire, and their station is situated on Stand No. 261.

The largest appliance is a 500-gallon Hatfield engine with a 65 h.p. petrol engine. This is the 1923 model embodying several minor improvements.

In addition to this, there are two self-contained trailer fire pumps, one of 12 h.p. and 150-gallon capacity on pneumatic tyres, and the other a 35 h.p. type with a 250-gallon primp and mounted on solid tyres.

Miscellaneous.

An interesting example of the increasing scope of The internal-combustion engine is afforded by the 4-ton oil loco

motive shown en Stand No. 163 by Ruston and Hornsby, Ltd. This machine is built to run on paraffin, and will start, from cold without any difficulty.

Another locomotive driven by a paraffin engine is shown by Blackstone and Co., Ltd., on Stand No. 231. It will haul up to 100 tons, and has a similar engine to that used on the tractor of the same make—three cylinders giving the power and one acting as a compressor.

Fuels and lubricants were exhibited by the leading concerns in the oil industry. Price's Patent Candle Co., Ltd., show, on Stand 168, oils for all kinds of engines and all types of machinery, solidified oils for gears, etc. The Vacuum Oil Co., Ltd.., occupy Stand No. 171 with Gargoyle mobiloil for tractors, and oils and greases for engines, tractors, and farm machinery. Sterns, Ltd., on Stand No. 177, exhibit Ambroleum, tractor gearboxes being run at full speed to demonstrate. the use of that lubricant. The Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd., fill Stand No. 198 with oils, paraffins, motor spirit, hensole, fuel oil, and gas oil, and they also show cabinets for oil storage. On stand No. 429 Shell-Mex, Ltd., have a collection of models -which demonstrate the use of Shell productions, the methods of testing them, and of storing and transporting them.

British Petroleum Co., Ltd., show, on Stand 430, samples of their fuels for tractor's and oil engines ; and of B.P. motor spirit, together with exhibits which depict the storing, packing, and distributing thereof.